静电纺取向排列纳米纤维纱的研究进展

2021-08-09 02:41:05胡铖烨周歆如周筱雅赵晓曼洪剑寒
现代纺织技术 2021年4期

胡铖烨 周歆如 周筱雅 赵晓曼 洪剑寒

摘 要:随着纳米纤维在光电子器件、柔性传感器中的发展与应用,对纳米纤维的需求也日益增长,纳米纤维集合体的制备方法有多种,其中采用静电纺丝法制备定向纳米纤维集合体,是当前制备性能优良的纳米纤维的热门研究方向。针对当前静电纺纳米纤维的结构无序性、力学性能各向同性的问题,系统地介绍了采用静电纺制备定向纳米纤维束、纱线及纳米包覆纱的方法,分析了这些方法的原理及特点,有助于对静电纺纤维集合体的理解,为今后优化制备取向程度高、形态有序的纳米纤维集合体具有重要的指导意义和参考价值。

关键词:静电纺丝;纳米纤维;定向;包缠纱

中图分类号: TS104.79

文献标志码:A

文章编号:1009-265X(2021)04-0027-07

Abstract: With the development and application of nanofibers in optoelectronic devices and flexible sensors, the demand for nanofibers is increasing day by day. There are various methods for the preparation of nanofiber aggregates, among which the preparation of directional nanofiber aggregates by electrospinning method is a popular research direction for the preparation of nanofibers with excellent performance. For the disordered structure and isotropic mechanical properties of electrospun nanofibers, the methods of preparing directional nanofiber bundles, yarns and nano-wrapped yarns with electrospinning are introduced systematically, and the principle sand characteristics of these methods are analyzed to help understand electrospun fiber aggregates. This study has important guiding significance and reference value for the future optimized preparation of nanofilber aggregates with high orientation degree and orderly morphology.

Key words: electrospinning; nanofibers; orientation; wrapped yarn

納米纤维具有较高的比表面积和孔隙率[1]。尽管纳米纤维的生产技术多种多样,但静电纺丝的独特之处在于简单灵活地处理不同高分子材料,能够控制纤维直径、形态、取向和化学成分,因此,静电纺丝是最能直接、快捷、简单地连续化制备纳米纤维的一种技术,在纳米纤维制备中的应用也是最为广泛。然而,静电纺丝纳米纤维主要以随机定向的纤维网形式生产,这限制了其广泛应用[2]。将纳米纤维转变成连续定向缠绕的束、纳米纤维纱可以提高其强度并促进其后道应用的开发。本文综述了不同静电纺丝技术在定向纳米纤维束、纱线以及包芯纱方面的研究进展,同时结合相关实验进行对比研究,为定向纳米纤维纱及其后续的开发与应用提供多角度思路。……

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