基于MALDI-TOF-MS的羊绒羊毛蛋白定量法及其应用

费静 谢璐蔓 吴娟 陈晓

摘 要：山羊绒与绵羊毛理化性质相近，外观形态相似，传统的检测方法主要是借助显微镜或者电镜，依据两者的外观形态进行判别，受限于检测人员的经验，结果较为主观。研究从ISO 20418—2提供的MALDI-TOF-MS多肽分析法入手，建立羊绒羊毛定量模型，实现仪器客观检测。使用不同产地、不同品种的羊绒以及一些特殊处理的样品，对该方法的适用性进行验证;使用不同种类的羊绒产品对方法的准确性进行验证。结果表明：该方法对不同产地、不同品种的羊绒有普适性，可用于羊绒制品的定量检测;但经剥色处理的羊绒不适用该定量方法。

关键词：羊绒;羊毛;蛋白组学分析;MALDI-TOF-MS

中图分类号：TS137 文献标志码：A

文章编号：1009-265X（2021）04-0076-05

Abstract：Cashmere and wool have great similarity in physical and chemical properties， and morphological appearance. Cashmere and wool are mainly identified by microscopic or electron microscope examination according to their morphological appearance. The method is subject to the experience of the examiners， thus leading to subjective test results. In this research， we established a cashmere and wool quantitative model based on MALDI-TOF-MS polypeptide analysis method provided in ISO 20418-2 to achieve objective instrument test. The feasibility of this method was verified by using cashmere from different producing areas and of different varieties as well as some samples with special treatment. The accuracy of this method was verified by using cashmere products of different varieties. Results showed that the method was generally applicable to all types of cashmere from different producing areas and of different varieties. The method could be used for quantitative detection of cashmere products. But this quantitative method was not applicable to the cashmere processed by stripping color.

Key words：cashmere; wool; proteomic analysis; MALDI-TOF-MS

山羊絨以其纤细、柔软、保暖的特点，一直以来都是秋冬季节御寒保暖的宠儿。山羊绒产自山羊，是山羊身上隐藏于粗毛根部的底绒。每年春季天气转暖的时候，羊绒会自然脱落，牧民赶在羊绒脱落之前通过抓绒这种传统的方式将羊绒收集起来。一头成年绒山羊平均每年产绒200～300g，山羊绒因其珍贵稀有而被称为纤维界的“软黄金”[1]。

中国是山羊绒的主要生产国，产量占全球羊绒产业的75%，出口创汇可观。山羊绒和直径相近的绵羊毛，存在着5～10倍的价格差，不良商贩常常利用两者外观形态相似，理化性质相近的特点，以次充好，谋取暴利[2]。这种欺诈的行为，不仅扰乱了市场的正常秩序，坑害了消费者，也有损中国羊绒生产大国的形象。

传统的山羊绒绵羊毛定量检测方法，无论是ISO标准还是中国的国家标准，均依据两种纤维的外观形态进行判定，检测人员的经验成了准确度的最大决定因素。……