数据挖掘方法在中医医案研究中的应用

王康 尹玉洁 李雅文 秘红英 李红蓉 贾振华

摘要 中医医案作为中医诊疗经验及学术观点的载体，历来是中医传承研究的重中之重。传统的“个人领悟式”方法在分析医案时难以避免存在片面性和主观性。因此，寻找一种可以全面、客观地反映医案中隐藏信息的医案研究方法就显得尤为重要。近些年随着信息技术的飞速发展，数据挖掘技术在医案研究中的应用也日益深入。现通过对目前医案研究领域常用的数据挖掘方法、软件及平台的应用现状进行梳理，并对每种方法在医案研究中的适用领域进行简要评述，以期为医案研究者选择合适的研究方法提供参考，为传承医案中蕴含的诊疗经验及发展中医药事业提供新思路。

关键词 中医医案;中医诊疗经验;数据挖掘;统计学方法

Abstract As the carrier of experience of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） diagnosis and treatment and academic viewpoints，medical records of TCM have always been the most priority in TCM inheritance and research.The traditional comprehension-based analysis method is hard to avoid partial face and subjectivity in the analysis of medical records.Therefore，it is important to find a method of medical records research that can comprehensively and objectively reflect the hidden information in medical records.With the rapid development of information technology in recent years，the application of data mining technology in medical records research is increasingly in-depth.The author analyzes the application status of data mining methods，software and platform commonly used in the field of medical records research，briefly reviews the application of each method in medical records research，in order to provide a reference for medical records researchers to choose the appropriate methods，and provide methods to inherit the experience of diagnosis and treatment hidden in medical records of TCM and provide ideas to develop TCM.

Keywords Medical records of traditional Chinese medicine; Experience of traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment; Data mining; Statistical method

中圖分类号：R242;R249文献标识码：Adoi：10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2021.11.003

中医医案，又称病案、诊籍、方案、脉案等，是记录中医医家临床辨证、立法、处方用药的第一手资料[1]。医案作为中医理、法、方、药信息的综合载体，蕴含着医者的诊疗经验和学术观点，是中医传承与发展的基石[2]。医案发展源流大致可概括为“萌芽于先秦，发展于宋元，繁盛于明清”。现存最早的正式医案是西汉《史记》所记载的淳于意的二十五“诊籍”，经后世不断完善，医案形式渐臻成熟，至宋代形成了我国第一部医案专著——许叔微的《伤寒九十论》[3]。长期以来对医案的解读和学习一直是中医传承与发展的重要手段，故著名中医学家秦伯未曾在《清代名医医案精华》序言中提及“合病理、治病于一，而融会贯通，卓然成一家言，为后世法者，厥惟医案”[4]。……