从五脏特性出发探析高脂血症的发病机制

秘红英 宋红霞 王磊 房会文 张凤虹 崔静 贾振华

摘要 高脂血症作为代谢类疾病中的一种，随着人们生活水平的逐渐升高，生活方式的不断改变，其患病率日益增高，现已成为心脑血管疾病发病的独立危险因素之一[1]，临床医生也越来越重视血脂水平的控制，而现代及传统医学越来越重视该病治疗及发病机制的研究。较多的研究显示中医药对于该病的治疗具有独特的优势，不良反应小，在降低血脂的同时改善机体的整体状态，可以多途径、多靶点的改善脂质代谢，对于心脑血管及肾脏疾病的防治具有重要的意义。现以中医“整体观念”为指导，于五脏特性出发探析高脂血症的发病机制，以发挥中医整体辨证论治的特点，以期为高脂血症的临床治疗提供理论支持。

关键词 高脂血症;代谢类疾病;整体观念;五脏特性;发病机制;脂质代谢;降低血脂;理论支持

Abstract As one of the metabolic diseases，hyperlipidemia has become one of the independent risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases with the gradual increase of people′s living standards and continuous changes in lifestyles[1].Clinicians are also paying more and more attention to the control of blood lipid levels，while modern and traditional medicine pay more and more attention to the treatment and pathogenesis of the disease.Many studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in the treatment of this disease.It has small adverse reactions.It can reduce blood lipids while improving the overall state of the body.It can improve lipid metabolism in multiple ways and multiple targets.And it is is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease and kidney disease.This paper is guided by the “holistic concept” of traditional Chinese medicine，and explores the pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia based on the characteristics of the five internal organs，in order to give play to the characteristics of the overall syndrome differentiation and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine，in order to provide theoretical support for the clinical treatment of hyperlipidemia.

Keywords Hyperlipidemia; Metabolic diseases; The whole idea; Characteristics of five zang organs; Pathogenesis; Lipid metabolism; Reduce blood lipid; Theoretical support

中图分类号：R24;R242;R22文献标识码：Adoi：10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2021.11.006

血脂是血漿中的中性脂肪（三酰甘油）和类脂（磷脂、糖脂、固醇、类固醇）的总称。而高脂血症是指由于脂肪代谢或运转异常使血浆中一种或几种脂质高于正常而导致的脂质代谢紊乱性疾病[2]。临床上的高脂血症多是指血浆中总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）超过正常范围，而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）低于正常水平的一类疾病[3]。随着都市化进程的加快，人们在饮食结构、运动习惯、情绪调节等方面都发生了巨大的改变，随之而来的是代谢性疾病的增多。……