鼠曲草对大鼠膀胱癌形成的抑制作用研究

王海东 林飞 林伟青

摘要 目的：观察鼠曲草提取液对N-甲基亚硝基脲（MNU）诱发膀胱肿瘤的抑制作用，并初步探讨其机制。方法：将120只SD大鼠按照随机数字表法分为对照组、高、中、低剂量组4组，每组30只。经膀胱内灌注MNU（1 mg/次，1次/2周，共4次）诱发膀胱肿瘤，对照组正常饮水，高、中、低剂量组分别以高、中、低剂量鼠曲草提取液代水喂食，于第12周处死全部大鼠，取其膀胱组织标本，观察其成瘤率。TUNEL法检测肿瘤细胞调亡情况，反转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）法检测大鼠膀胱癌组织存活蛋白（Survivin）表达。结果：高、中、低剂量组大鼠膀胱癌成瘤率分别为60%（18/30）、75.86%（22/29）、86.21%（25/29），而对照组大鼠膀胱癌成瘤率为100%（28/28）。TUNEL法原位检测发现鼠曲草提取液可显著促进膀胱癌细胞的调亡，且与剂量相关;大鼠膀胱癌组织Survivin表达显示鼠曲草提取液可显著降低大鼠膀胱癌组织中Survivin表达。结论：鼠曲草提取液对大鼠膀胱癌形成有明显抑制作用。

关键词 鼠曲草;膀胱癌;甲基亚硝基脲;存活蛋白;反转录聚合酶链反应;凋亡;成瘤率;黄酮类化合物

Abstract Objective：To observe the inhibitory effect of the gnaphalium affine extracts on the formation of N-methylnitrosourea（MNU）-induced bladder tumor in rats，and to initially explore its mechanism.Methods：A total of 120 SD rats were divided randomly into 4 groups，high，medium and low concentration group，with 30 cases in each group.Bladder tumor was induced by intravesical instillation of MNU（1 mg/ times，once every 2 weeks，4 times），inducing bladder tumors.The control group was given normal drinking water.High，medium and low doses groups were fed with high，medium and low concentration of the extract of gnaphalium affine extracts.All rats were killed at the 12th week，and their bladder tissue samples were taken to observe the difference in tumor formation rate.We took a specimen of its bladder tissue and observed its tumor formation rate.TUNEL method was used to detect the apoptosis of tumor cells.The expression of Survivin in rat bladder cancer tissues was detected by RT-PCR.Results：The tumor formation rate of bladder cancer in high，medium and low concentration groups was 60.11%（18/30），75.86%（22/29） and 86.21%（25/29） respectively，while the rate of bladder cancer in the control group was 100%（28/28）.In situ detection by TUNEL method，it was found that the gnaphalium affine extract can significantly promote the apoptosis of bladder cancer cells，which was related to the concentration; the expression of Survivin in rat bladder cancer tissues showed that the gnaphalium affine extract can significantly reduce the expression of survivin in rat bladder cancer tissues.Conclusion：The Gnaphalium affine extracts has a significant inhibitory effect on bladder cancer formation in rats.

Keywords Gnaphalium affine; Bladder cancer; N-methy-N-nitrosourea; Survivin; Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; Apoptosis; Tumor formation rate; Flavonoids

中圖分类号：R285.5文献标识码：Adoi：10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2021.11.012

膀胱癌在我国是泌尿系统中最常见的恶性肿瘤，膀胱癌发病机制尚不明确，目前临床治疗膀胱癌大多采取切除膀胱以及膀胱灌注卡介苗，但膀胱癌复发率仍较高，目前尚无高效安全的预防治疗措施[1]。因此发挥中医药的优势，寻求高效低毒的方法，近年来国内外学者正积极研究探索有关防治方法，有关中药抗肿瘤的研究近年来报道逐渐增多[2-3]。

鼠曲草（Gnaphalium affine D.Don）又名白艾、佛耳草、清明菜，是药食两用野生植物，在中国民间已有几千年的使用历史，广泛用于各种疾病治疗和保健。……