王亮 温彦良 杜森 洪芷彤



摘 要:针对地下铁矿山端部放矿时经常出现的内部结拱问题,以矿山通用参数为基础,以侧压力监测的实验模拟手段探讨了矿岩堆积的结拱形成条件和结拱位置确定问题。实验结果显示,矿岩堆积高度超过10m后,放矿中就存在结拱的可能,放矿过程中发生结拱的位置距离放矿口约11m。研究结果在指导矿山改进放矿工艺方面具有借鉴意义。
关键词:端部放矿 散体侧压力 损失 贫化
中图分类号:TD853 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1674-098X(2021)04(c)-0082-03
Similar Simulation Experimental Study on Arching of Ore and Rock under Side Drawing
WANG Liang WEN Yanliang DU Seng HONG Zhitong
(School of Mining Engineering,University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, Liaoning Province, 114051 China)
Abstract: Aiming at the problem of internal arching which often occurs in side drawing of underground iron mine, based on the general parameters of the mine, by means of experimental simulation of ore and rock lateral pressure monitoring, when ore and rock stacked the formation conditions of arching and the determination of the location of arching are discussed. The experimental results show that when the stacking height of ore and rock is more than 10m, there is the possibility of arching in the drawing process. In the process of ore drawing, the location of arching is about 11m away from the ore drawing opening. The research results can be used for reference in guiding mine to improve drawing technology.
Key Words: Side drawing; Granular lateral pressure; Loss; Dilution
我国地下铁矿山采矿使用比例最高的方法为无底柱分段崩落法,该方法采取上向炮孔的凿岩爆破工艺,其放矿则为回采巷道端部放矿形式,如图1所示。相比底部放矿 ,端部放矿具有独特的特点,放矿过程中经常出现崩落矿石由于内部矿岩的咬合作用而结拱的现象,從而出现采空区矿石悬空,使得矿石的放出率大大降低,成为目前地下铁矿山生产中亟待解决的问题之一。
端部放矿时,人员和设备只能在端部放矿巷道内,无法通过肉眼或设备对爆破后的松散矿石进行观察,加之散体矿石的块度和密实度很不均匀,生产现场难以直接提前确定结拱的位置,有关学者针对上述问题开展的研究基本上也都是依靠计算机仿真和实验室的物理实验手段,在一定程度上探讨了端部放矿的出矿规律。
矿石流结拱形成的本质是某一高度的矿石颗粒在水平方向形成了较大挤压力,导致上方矿石无法下移的现象,因此判定结拱的基本依据为崩落体内出现了水平挤压力的峰值。……