汽轮机高能耗成因及节能措施

戴家涨

摘  要：经济社会的发展离不开电力行业的发展，而火力发电是我国目前主要的发电方式，也是高耗能行业。在可持续发展战略下，火力发电场的节能降耗是重点关注问题。而汽轮机是火电厂正常运行的关键设备，如何提高汽轮机的运行效率、降低能耗是亟待解决的问题。本文首先分析了汽轮机系统的构成及影响汽轮机高能耗的主要因素。在此基础上，一方面从汽轮机本体系统、回热系统、冷端系统、排水系统及引入胶球清洗系统等方面进行系统优化达到节能目标，另一方面从减少泄露损失方面对蒸汽轮机节能方法进行探索。汽轮机节能降耗的研究和应用对于电力行业的可持续发展，对于保障国民经济稳定运行具有重要的实际意义。

关键词：汽轮机  能耗  节能  效率

中图分类号：TM621           文献标识码：A            文章编号：1674-098X（2021）04（c）-0095-03

Causes of High Energy Consumption of Steam Turbines and Energy-Saving Measures

DAI Jiazhang

（Zhejiang Energy Group Aksu Thermal Power Co.， Ltd.， Aksu， Xinjiang， uygur autonomous region， 843000  China）

Abstract： Economic and social development is inseparable from the development of the power industry， and thermal power generation is currently the main power generation method in my country， and it is also a high-energy-consuming industry. Under the sustainable development strategy， the energy saving and consumption reduction of thermal power plants is a key concern. The steam turbine is the key equipment for the normal operation of thermal power plants. How to improve the operating efficiency of the steam turbine and reduce the energy consumption is an urgent problem to be solved. This article first analyzes the composition of the steam turbine system and the main factors affecting the high energy consumption of the steam turbine. On this basis， on the one hand， the steam turbine body system， regenerative system， cold end system， drainage system and the introduction of the rubber ball cleaning system are optimized to achieve energy-saving goals. On the other hand， the steam turbine energy-saving methods are reduced in terms of leakage loss. Explore. The research and application of steam turbine energy saving and consumption reduction are of great practical significance for the sustainable development of the power industry and for ensuring the stable operation of the national economy.

Key Words： Steam turbine; Energy consumption; Energy saving; Efficiency

汽輪机也称蒸汽透平发动机，是一种旋转式蒸汽动力装置，高温高压蒸汽穿过固定喷嘴成为加速的气流后喷射到叶片上，使装有叶片排的转子旋转，同时对外作功。蒸汽轮机是发电厂发电的主要设备，整体结构非常复杂。在运行中，蒸汽轮机的不规则运转导致蒸汽轮机的各个部分发生变化。这种不当操作将导致过载，这将增加蒸汽轮机的能耗。在使用过程中，蒸汽轮机将不断打开和关闭，这是高能耗的原因之一[1]。

1  汽轮机的构成和分类

汽轮机由静止部分和转动部分组成。静止部分包括汽缸、隔板、喷咀和轴承等;转动部分包括轴、叶轮、叶片和联轴器等;此外，还有汽封和盘车装置。……