山东省集中式饮用水水源地水中锶-90放射性水平调查

2021-08-10 06:18:42吕蕴海刘晓虹
科技创新导报 2021年12期
关键词:测量

吕蕴海 刘晓虹

摘  要:本文对山东省内16地市的集中式饮用水水源地水中锶-90的放射性水平进行調查和了解,通过每市选取一个饮用水水源地作为采样点,每个采样点每半年分别在枯水期和丰水期采样2次,参照现行国家监测标准《水和生物样品灰中锶-90的放射化学分析方法》(HJ 815-2016)对所采样品进行预处理分析,使用MPC-9604型低本底α、β计数器对样品进行测量。结果显示,山东省16市饮用水源地水中锶-90的放射性活度浓度范围为0.4~9.4mBq/L。可以得出结论,与当年度全国饮用水源地水中锶-90的放射性水平相比较,山东省境内16地市的饮用水源地水中锶-90的放射性水平均处于正常的自然环境本底范围内。

关键词:山东  饮用水源地  锶-90  放射性水平

中图分类号:TL75           文献标识码:A            文章编号:1674-098X(2021)04(c)-0118-03

Investigation on Strontium-90 Radioactivity Level in Water of Centralized Drinking Water Source in Shandong Province

LV Yunhai  LIU Xiaohong

(Shandong Nuclear and Radiation Safety Monitoring Center, Jinan, Shandong province, 250117  China)

Abstract: To investigate and understand the radioactivity level of strontium-90 in centralized drinking water source in 16 cities in Shandong Province. Each city selects a drinking water source as the sampling point, and each sampling point takes samples twice every six months during the dry season and the wet season, referring to the current national monitor standard "Radiochemical Analysis Method of Strontium-90 in Water and Biological Samples ash" (HJ 815-2016) pretreatment analysis of the sampled samples, MPC-9604 low background α and β counters were used to measure the samples. The radioactivity concentration range of strontium-90 in drinking water source water of 16 cities in Shandong Province was 0.4~9.4 mBq/L. Compared with the radioactivity level of strontium-90 in drinking water source water throughout the country in that year, the radioactivity level of strontium-90 in drinking water source water in 16 cities in Shandong Province is within the normal natural environment background range.

Key Words: Shandong; Drinking water source; Strontium-90; Radioactivity level

锶-90是主要的人工放射性核素之一,其半衰期长达28.8年,属于长寿命放射性核素,锶-90的放射性衰变产物为钇-90,半衰期为64.2h,由于锶-90的半衰期要远远大于钇-90的半衰期,因此可以通过测定与其处于放射性平衡的子体钇-90来估算锶-90的放射性活度[1]。锶位于化学元素周期表第二主族,与人体中含量最高的金属元素钙属于同一主族,两种元素的化学性质极为相似[2],锶-90很容易通过呼吸道、消化道和皮肤等途径进入人体体内,能够沉积在骨髓的造血干细胞上,引起细胞发育异常[3],也会参与到人体内钙的新陈代谢过程中,被人体吸收积蓄于人体组织内,从而会对身体内部的组织和器官造成长期性的内照射,严重危害人们的身体健康[4-5]。……

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