朱怡莲 杜鹏
摘 要 自20世纪90年代面世以来,众多研究已经证实,生物制剂治疗急性重度/难治性溃疡性结肠炎可快速诱导缓解、延缓疾病进展。随着众多不同作用机制的生物制剂的上市和应用,溃疡性结肠炎的结肠切除手术率有所下降。在生物制剂时代,溃疡性结肠炎的外科治疗的时机与临床策略均已出现相应的改变。然而,在溃疡性结肠炎患者的长期炎症病程中,对炎-癌转化、疾病急性重度爆发等情况,外科治疗依然具有重要作用。本文探讨在生物制剂时代溃疡性结肠炎外科治疗所面临的挑战及临床价值。
关键词 溃疡性结肠炎 生物制剂 外科治疗
中图分类号:R656.6 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2021)11-0019-05
Surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis in the era of biologics*
ZHU Yilian1, 2, DU Peng1, 2**
(1. Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital; 2. Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Colorectal Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China)
ABSTRACT Since the 1990s, biologics has achieved great success in inducing rapid remission and delaying disease progression in moderate to severe and corticosteroids-dependent ulcerative colitis. A decrease in relevant surgery was observed as more biologics with different mechanisms were applied to clinical practice. In the new era, the timing and clinical strategies for surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis have changed accordingly. However, in the long-term inflammatory course of patients with ulcerative colitis, surgical treatment still plays an important role in inflammation-cancer transformation, acute and severe disease outbreaks and so on. Here we discuss the challenge and clinical value of surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis in the era of biologics.
KEy WORDS ulcerative colitis; biologics; surgical treatment
溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis, UC)是一种慢性非特异性炎症性疾病,其临床症状以慢性或亚急性腹泻最为常见,多为黏液脓血便,伴随轻中度腹痛。UC患者的病情轻重不等,临床类型以慢性复发型最为多见。
UC的治疗以药物治疗为主,但在药物治疗失败,患者出现穿孔、梗阻和癌变等并发症或急性重症时,多需施行手术以挽救其生命。由于大肠是UC的主要靶器官,故手术切除病变的结直肠在理论上可获临床治愈,其中全结直肠切除联合回肠储袋肛管吻合术(ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, IPAA)为首选术式。IPAA常被简称为储袋手术,因其保留了患者肛门括约肌的功能,同时以末端回肠制作储袋,肠内容物在排出前可滞留于储袋中,一方面增加肠道对食物的消化、吸收作用,另一方面模拟直肠的生理功能,排便频率较采用回肠直肠吻合术的低,兼顾了疾病根治與功能保留,大部分患者在术后都出现了令人满意的临床结局[1]。……