套种甘薯对蔗田草害及产量的影响

何文 张秀芬 黎萍 黄珍玲 黄小娟 李恒锐 何洪良 郭素云

摘 要：為探究甘蔗套种甘薯对蔗田草害及产量影响，以甘蔗桂糖42号和甘薯西瓜红品种为材料，本试验设计了1.2 m行距（SS1）、1.4 m行距（SS2）和1.6 m行距（SS3） 三种不同行距甘蔗套种甘薯处理和单作甘蔗CS1和单作甘薯CS2两种常规单作对照处理。结果表明，与CS1相比，套种甘薯显著减少了蔗田杂草生物量，但未减少杂草种类;与对照 CS1相比，三种套种模式下甘蔗株高和茎粗影响不显著，与对照CS2甘薯地上部分鲜重显著增加且蔓薯比（T/R）变大。三种套种模式下土地当量比（Land equivalent ratio，LER）均大于1，较CS1增加了49.14%～60.76%。经济效益方面，三种套种模式较CS1纯收益增加了36.17%～112.76%。综上所述SS3套种模式最为合理且经济效益最高。

关键词：甘蔗 套种 杂草 经济效益 甘薯

中图分类号：S533                文献标识码：A

Effects of Sugarcane-Sweet Potato Interplanting Pattern on Sugarcane Yield and Field Weeds

HE Wen，ZHANG Xiufen，LI Pin，HUANG Zhenling，

HUANG Xiaojuan，LI Hengrui，HE Hongliang，GUO Suyun*

（Longzhou Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Tropical Crops， Ministry of

Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research

Institute， Longzhou， Guangxi 532415， China）

Abstract：To explore the effects of sugarcane-sweet potato interplanting pattern on field weeds and sugarcane yield， using sugarcane Guitang 42 and sweet potato Xiguahong as materials to conduct experiment by designing sugarcane-sweet potato interplanting pattern with three row spacings： 1.2 m（SS1），1.4 m （SS2） and 1.6 m （SS3）， two conventional patterns： monoculture of sugarcane （CS1） and monoculture of sweet potato as control. The results showed that compared with CS1， interplanting sweet potato significantly reduced the biomass of weeds in sugarcane field， but did not reduce the species of weed; compared with the control CS1， the effect of interplanting pattern on plant height and stem diameter of sugarcane was not significant; and compared with the control CS2， the fresh weight of the above-ground part of sweet potato increased significantly and the T/R increased in interplanting pattern. The land equivalence ratios （LER） in three interplanting patterns were all greater than one， which increased by 49.14%～60.76% than that of CS1. The net income of three interplanting patterns increased by 36.17%～112.76% than that of CS1. In summary， the SS3 interplanting pattern with the highest economic benefits is the most reasonable.

Key words： Sugarcane; interplanting; weeds; economic benefits; sweet potato

甘蔗是我国主要的经济作物和糖料作物，广西崇左地区由于地处热带亚热带地区，每年都有种植大面积甘蔗的战略储备需求[1]，因此甘蔗成为当地主要农业经济来源。提高甘蔗种植户农业经济收入对崇左地区攻坚脱贫及乡村振兴具有重要的推进作用[2]。

甘蔗具有周期长、前期出苗慢且生长缓慢加上种植行间距大[3]，导致在甘蔗苗期，甘蔗地块常常形成“草盛甘蔗稀”的情景，杂草和甘蔗产生土壤营养竞争，从而影响甘蔗苗期生长，同时又增加了甘蔗除草成本。目前甘蔗杂草防控技术大多使用除草剂封闭处理，长期使用或者不恰当使用除草剂不仅会对甘蔗生长及产量造成严重影响[3-7]，还会对甘蔗田土壤生态环境及土壤微生物造成不可避免的损伤[8]。……