郭正
【摘 要】近年来,资本市场掀起了一股高溢价并购热潮,存在商誉减值风险。以A公司2013—2015大规模并购为例,探究上市公司商誉减值产生的原因及其防范,对进一步了解商誉减值具有积极意义。如今,阶段评估机构对于并购标的公司通常使用收益法进行估值,再综合被并购公司抛出持续高业绩的承诺等原因,导致并购过程中产生高额溢价,积累大量商誉,后期因企业不注重协同发展,被并购企业经营情况恶化,业绩承诺泡沫破灭,又因政策预期导致管理层的盈余管理行为形成商誉减值风险。
【Abstract】In recent years, the capital market has set off a high premium M&A boom, there is a risk of goodwill impairment. Based on the large-scale merger and acquisition of Company A from 2013 to 2015, we explore the causes of goodwill impairment of listed companies and its prevention, which has a positive significance for the further understanding of goodwill impairment. Nowadays, stage evaluation institutions usually use the income method to evaluate the target company of merger and acquisition. And then combined with the reasons such as the commitment of sustained high performance of the acquired company, it leads to a high premium in the process of M&A and accumulate a lot of goodwill. In the later stage, because the enterprises did not pay attention to the coordinated development, the management situation of the merged enterprises deteriorated, and the performance commitment bubble burst. In addition, due to the policy expectation, the management's earnings management behavior forms the risk of goodwill impairment.
【關键词】商誉减值风险;企业并购;盈余管理行为
【Keywords】goodwill impairment risk; enterprise merger and acquisition; earnings management behavior
【中图分类号】F279.23 【文献标志码】A 【文章编号】1673-1069(2021)08-0106-02
1 引言
在企业合并过程中,购买方支付的超过被购买方净资产公允价值的部分即称为商誉。近年来,资本市场掀起了一股高溢价并购热潮,积累了巨额商誉,存在商誉减值风险。不少投资者对于2018年发生的上市公司年报商誉“爆雷”事件仍心有余悸。至2020年第三季度,A股上市公司的商誉总额仍高达1.28万亿元,这颗“商誉”定时炸弹时刻威胁着资本市场的稳定。因此,了解上市公司商誉减值风险产生的原因并对其进行防范具有积极意义。
2 案例分析
北京A股份有限公司是一家市值曾达到542.53亿元的上市公司,身处并购浪潮之中,以其2013—2015年大规模并购为案例探究商誉减值风险产生的原因及其防范极为合适。
2.1 并购企业概况
北京A股份有限公司(以下简称“A公司”)于2004年在北京成立。……