不同品种蛋鸡的生产性能、蛋品质和营养成分的比较分析

谢燕妮 谢树桃 陈孟姣 饶时庭 覃建基 周贞兵

摘要：【目的】比較不同品种蛋鸡的生产性能、蛋品质和营养成分差异，为生产和消费提供指导。【方法】试验采用巴马绿壳蛋鸡、罗曼粉蛋鸡和海兰褐蛋鸡作为研究对象，记录和统计整个产蛋周期的生产性能：从每个品种中随机抽取200枚蛋，每组设4个重复，每个重复50枚，进行蛋品质和营养成分检测。【结果】罗曼粉蛋鸡和海兰褐蛋鸡的平均蛋重、平均产蛋率显著高于巴马绿壳蛋鸡（P<0.05），料蛋比显著低于巴马绿壳蛋鸡;蛋壳强度、哈氏单位、蛋黄比率、粗脂肪、粗灰分和钙、磷含量均显著低于巴马绿壳蛋，水分含量显著高于巴马绿壳蛋（P<0.05），其他指标的差异均不显著（P>0.05）。【结论】试验说明巴马绿壳蛋鸡的生产性能低于罗曼粉蛋鸡和海兰褐蛋鸡，但蛋品质和营养成分优于罗曼粉蛋和海兰褐蛋。

关键词昌蛋鸡;生产性能;蛋品质;营养成分;比较

中图分类号：s83l文献标识号：A文章编号：l003-4374（202l）05-0029-04

ComparatiⅤe Analysis of Production Performance， Egg 0uality and Nutrient Composition of Laying Hens of Different Breeds

xie Yan-ni，xie shu-tao，Chen Meng-jiao，Rao shi-ting，0in Jian-ji，Zhou Zhen-bing

（Guangxi Agricu1tura1 Vocationa1 University，Nanning，Guangxi 530007，China）

Abstract：【0bjective】This test compared production performance，egg qua1ity and nutrient composition differences of different 1aying hens，prividing guidance for production and consumption.   【Method】The     test app1ied the fo11ovoing objects of study： the Bama green-she11，Roman pink-she11 and Hy-1ine variety brown 1aying hens，to record and count the production performance throughout the egg production cyc1e. A tota1 of 200 eggs were random1y se1ected from each breed and 4 rep1icates were set in each group with 50 eggs per rep1icate，which were used to ana1yze the egg qua1ity and nutrient composition.【Resu1t】 The average egg weight and average 1aying rate of Roman pink-she11 and Hy-1ine variety brown 1aying hens were significant1y higher than those of Bama green-she11 1aying hens （P < 0.05），but the feedstuff- egg ratio was significant1y 1ower than that of Bama green -she11 baying hens： eggshe11 strength，Hartz unit，yo1k proportion，crude 1ipid，ash and ca1cium and phosphorus contents were significant1y 1ower than     those of Bama green-she11 eggs，and moisture content was significant1y higher than that of Bama green- she11  eggs  （P < 0.05），but  there  were  no  significant  differences  in  other  indexes  （P> 0.05） . 【Conc1usion】The performance of Bama green -she11 1aying hens was worse than that of Roman pink - she11 1aying hens and Hy-1ine variety brown 1aying hens，and the egg qua1ity and nutritiona1 composition of Bama green -shell laying hens were better than that of Roman pink -shell laying hens and Hy -line variety brown laying hens.

Key words： laying hens，production performance，egg quality，nutrition composition，comparative analysis

为满足国人对鸡蛋的需求，早期从国外引进一些优良蛋鸡配套系，如海兰、罗曼等蛋鸡，具有饲料转化率高、产蛋量高、平均蛋重高的优良特点。近年来禽蛋消费呈现出新的趋势，人们开始注重蛋品质、鸡蛋风味和营养成分[1]，因此市场上出现"土鸡蛋""环保蛋"，一些地方品种鸡蛋因其蛋黄色泽、蛋黄比率和含脂肪率有明显优势[2]，深受老百姓喜爱。消费者因不明原因在选择时出现两难情况，蛋鸡养殖公司也面临选种的困惑。为此，本项目开展对不同品种蛋鸡的生产性能、蛋品质和营养成分进行对比分析研究，为蛋鸡养殖和鸡蛋的选择提供参考。

1材料与方法

1.1样品来源及试验设计

巴马绿壳蛋鸡来自广西巴马某公司，罗曼粉蛋