“生态银行”对海洋生态修复和价值实现的启示

徐淑升 赵东蕾 谢敬谦 张保学

摘要：為促进海洋生态修复和价值实现的协调发展 ， 文章分析我国海洋生态修复和价值实现之间的关系及其面临的主要困境 ，根据福建省南平市“生态银行”的探索实践及其启示 ， 以红树林生态系统为例 ，提出海洋生态修复和价值实现协同发展的方案设计。研究结果表明：我国海洋生态修复存在政策、资金和技术等方面的问题 ， 海洋生态价值实现存在家底绘制、权责主体界定、确权内容和方法、产权交易的实现方式以及监管机制等方面的问题;借鉴“生态银行”对生态资源资产“分散化输入、集中式输出”的理念以及打造生态资源权益资本化运作平台的方法 ， 应实现生态修复与生态价值的和谐统一，偏重于通过生态修复提高生态产品供给侧升级 ， 从而实现生态价值;将红树林生态修复与高效工厂化海水养殖相结合 ， 提高生态资源利用效率 ， 开展“红树林生态银行”资产运作 ， 实现红树林生态修复和价值实现的和谐统一。

关键词：生态修复;生态银行;生态价值实现;红树林;工厂化海水养殖

中图分类号：F062.2;F205;X171.1;P748    文献标志码：A     文章编号：1005-9857（2021）12-0067-07

Enlightenment of 'Ecological Bank'on Marine EcologicalRestoration and Value Realization：Conception of Establishing ‘Mangrove Ecological Bank'

XU Shusheng1，ZHAO Donglei1，XIE Jingqian2，ZHANG Baoxue1

（1.South China Sea Standard and Metrology Center，SOA，Guangzhou 510300，China;

2.South China Sea Marine Survey and Technology Center，SOA，Guangzhou 510300，China）

Abstract： In order to promote the coordinated development of marine ecological restoration and ecological value realization， this paper analyzed the relationship between marine ecological restoration and value realization and the main difficulties faced in China. According to the explorationpractice and enlightenment of "ecological bank" in Nanping City， Fujian Province， tookmangrove ecosystem as an example， this paper put forward the scheme design of coordinated development of marine ecological restoration and ecological value realization. The results showedthat there were problems in the policy， capital and technology of marine ecological restoration inChina， and there were problems in the realization of marine ecological value， such as the definition of rights and responsibilities， the content and methods of confirming rights， the realizationmode of property right transaction and supervision mechanism. Based on the concept of “decentralized input and centralized output" of ecological resources assets by "ecological bank” and themethod of building an operation platform for capitalization of ecological resources rights and interests， harmonious unity of ecological restoration and ecological value should be realized， andthe emphasis should be placed on improving the ecological environment through ecological restoration and upgrade the product supply side to realize ecological value. The mangrove ecologicalrestoration should be combined with efficient industrialized mariculture， to improve resource utilization efficiency， carry out asset operation of “mangrove ecological bank"， and realize the harmonious unity of mangrove ecological restoration and ecological value.

Keywords：Ecological restoration， Ecological bank， Realization of ecological value， Mangrove， Industrialized mariculture

0 引言

我国是人口和资源矛盾较为突出的国家 ， 一些内陆地区的生态承载力早已达到或接近上限 ， 造成的生态问题早有历史记载。数十年来 ， 我国沿海地区经济高速发展 ， 人口流入加快 ， 开发强度加大 ，生态欠账快速积累。在人类活动和气候变化的双重压力下 ， 海洋生态退化……