张坤兰 傅圆圆 李桂敏 杨超 杨雯

摘要:为促进对台风风暴潮灾害的预报预警 ,减少灾害带来的损失 , 文章综合分析2019年第9号台风“利奇马”对河北沿海引发的严重台风风暴潮灾害过程。研究结果表明:台风“利奇马”是2019年以来登陆我国的最强台风和1949年以来登陆浙江的第三强台风 , 给河北沿海造成长时间和高强度的风暴增水过程;水体远距离输运、东北大风、天文高潮和增水相结合 ,使河北沿海出现3次超过蓝色警戒潮位的高潮位 ,其中1次超过红色警戒潮位 ,这在20年来是首次;其中 , 强烈而持久的东北风是造成增水的主要原因。
关键词:利奇马;台风风暴潮;风暴增水;警戒潮位;海洋灾害
中图分类号:P429;P458.1+24;P732 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1005-9857(2021)12-0103-04
Analysis of No. 1909 Strong Tropical Storm Surgeat the Coast of Hebei
ZHANG Kunlan,FU Yuanyuan,LI Guimin,YANG Chao,YANG Wen
(Qinhuangdao Marine Environmental Monitoring Central Station,SOA.Qinhuangdao 066002,China)
Abstract: This paper analyzed the severe typhoon storm surge disaster process caused by No. 1909Super Typhoon Lekima in the coastal area of Hebei Province. The results showed that Super Typhoon Lekima was the strongest typhoon in China since 2019 and the third strongest typhoon inZhejiang since 1949, which had caused a long and strong storm surge process in Hebei coastal area. The combination of long-distance water transport, northeast wind, astronomical high tide andincreasing water had resulted in 3 high tide levels exceeding the blue warning tide level, one ofwhich exceeded the red warning tide level for the first time in 20 years. It was believed that strongand persistent northeasterly winds were the main cause of the surge.
Keywords: Lekima, Typhoon surge,Storm surge, Warning level,Marine disaster
0 引言
根据诱发风暴潮的大气扰动特征 , 风暴潮可分为热带气旋引起的台风风暴潮和温带天气系统引起的温带风暴潮2个类型。其中 , 温带风暴潮在我国渤海沿岸以春季、秋季和冬季发生最多 , 频发区和严重区依次为莱州湾、渤海湾和辽东湾沿岸。造成河北沿海发生温带风暴潮的天气形势以冷锋(寒潮和强冷空气)配合低压类最为严重 , 其次是强冷锋类,再次是强孤立温带气旋类和热带气旋类[1]。
我国历史上曾發生多次严重的风暴潮灾害,尤其是台风风暴潮往往伴随狂风、暴雨和巨浪 , 风、雨、潮和浪同时侵袭而来,导致沿海地区海水满溢、海堤决口、田地被淹、养殖区被冲和建筑物被毁,直接威胁沿海地区经济建设和居民生命财产安全[2]。……