刘强 张洒洒 杨伦庆 朱婵 欧婷
摘要:为进一步控制广东的碳排放量 ,促进广东乃至全国的生態环境保护和节能减排工作 , 文章分析广东发展蓝色碳汇的基础、存在的问题和可借鉴的经验 , 并提出对策建议。研究结果表明:广东的海洋资源禀赋优越、海洋经济实力雄厚、海洋科技创新能力突出、碳汇交易基础扎实且国际合作优势明显 ,具有发展蓝色碳汇的优质条件;面对广东发展蓝色碳汇存在的政策、技术、平台和生态环境等方面的问题 ,借鉴国内外相关经验 ,未来广东发展蓝色碳汇应完善综合管理体制、构建技术标准体系、建立新型经济模式、做好生态保护修复、建立健全交易机制和深化“一带一路”合作。
关键词:蓝色碳汇;海洋碳汇;碳排放权交易;生态环境;国际合作
中图分类号:P74 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1005-9857(2021)12-0074-06
The Development Strategy of Blue Carbon Sink in Guangdong
LIU Qiang,ZHANG Sasa,YANG Lunqing,ZHU Chan,OU Ting
(Guangdong Marine Development Planning Research Center,Guangzhou 510220,China)
Abstract:In order to further control the carbon emission in Guangdong and promote the ecologicalenvironment protection,energy saving and emission reduction in Guangdong and even the wholecountry, this paper analyzed the basis, existing problems and referential experiences ofdeveloping blue carbon sink in Guangdong, and put forward some suggestions. The resultsshowed that Guangdong had excellent conditions for developing blue carbon sinks due to its superior ocean resources, powerful ocean economic, outstanding ocean science and technology innovation ability, solid trading foundation of carbon sink and obvious international cooperation advantages. Facing with the problems of policy, technology, platform, and the ecological environmentin blue carbon sink development of Guangdong, the future development should be improved inthe comprehensive management system, should construct technical standard system, establishnew type of economic pattern, try their best in environmental ecological restoration, establishand complete a sound trading mechanism and deepen the cooperation within the Belt and Road Initiative, while learning from relevant experience at home and abroad.
Keywords:Bluecarbon sink, Ocean carbon sink, Carbon emision rights trading, Ecological environment,Internationalcooperation
0 引言
海洋在全球的碳循环中发挥重要作用 ,是地球上最大的活跃碳库 , 具有固碳量大、固碳效率高和碳存储周期长等特点。海洋碳汇是利用海洋生物吸收大气中的二氧化碳 ,并将其固定在海洋中的过程、活动和机制[1]。当大气中的二氧化碳分压高于表层海水时 ,二氧化碳借助波浪的搅动作用从大气进入海水 ,并以碳酸盐的形式存储 , 从而形成海洋碳汇。据测算 ,海洋中的碳存储量约为3.9×1013 t, 约是大气碳库的53倍和陆地碳库的20倍;地球上约93%的二氧化碳存储在海洋中 ,海洋每年可吸收全球约30%的二氧化碳;按单位面积计算 , 海洋的固碳量是森林的10倍、草原的290倍。……