刘权 胡麦秀



摘要:随着北极冰雪加速消融,北极航道在国际贸易运输中的关注度日益提升。文章采用理论模型进行分析,认为北极航道通过贸易替代效应与贸易互补效应对世界贸易格局产生影响。研究发现北极航道开通将:提升航道沿线各国间的贸易潜力,改变沿线国与非沿线国间部分贸易活动的流向;催生北极航道沿线国之间部分贸易活动的产生,改变北极航道沿线国之间部分贸易活动的流量。
关键词:北极航道;贸易替代效应;贸易互补效应;引力模型;国际贸易
中图分类号:P74;F114文献标志码:A文章编号:1005-9857(2021)11-0003-08
Analysis on Trade Substitution Effect and Trade Complementary Effect of Arctic Passage LIU Quan,HU Maixiu
(School of Economics and Management, Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)
Abstract:With the melting of Arctic ice and snow, the attention of Arctic channel in international trade and transportation is increasing. The paper analyzed the Arctic channel by using the theo-retical model, and thought that the Arctic channel has an impact on the world trade pattern through the trade substitution effect and trade ccmplementary effect from two routes: shortening the shipping distance, driving the infrastructureconstruction along the line and opening up new channel. The results showed that:(1)the opening of Arctic channel will enhance the trade poten-tial of countries along the channel and change the direction of some trade activities between coun-tries along the route and countries not along theroute. (2) It will give birth to the production of some trade activities among the countries alongthe Arctic channel and change the flow of some trade activities between the countries along the Arctic channel.
Keywords:Arctic passage,Trade substitution effect,Trade complementary effect,Gravity mode, International trade
0引言
在經济全球化及区域一体化深入发展的背景下,各国对外贸易发展迅速。近年来全球气候变暖导致北极海冰加速消融,经由北极东北航道的船舶的航次数与货运量越来越多。北极航道一般指位于俄罗斯北部离岸海域的东北航道以及穿过加拿大北极群岛的西北航道,航道贯通大西洋与太平洋,是连接亚洲、欧洲、北美洲最近的海上运输航线。据俄罗斯北方海航道管理局(NSRA)统计,2016—2018年,东北航道的航次数由1705次上升至2022次,累计货物吨位由747.9万t增至近2018万t[1]。俄罗斯政府官员表示,2019年东北航道的货运量比2018年增长40%以上,到2024年东北航道的货运量将扩大到8000万t[2]。随着北极通航环境的不断优化、造船及航运技术的进步,北极航道的常态化、规模化、商业化营运有望成为现实,未来其在国际运输网络体系中的地位将愈发凸显。北极航道的开通将大大缩短亚太、欧洲、北美三大贸易中心之间的航运距离与航运时间,加强各国之间的经贸交流与合作,影响世界贸易格局的演变。……