基于绿色发展的我国近海渔业可持续性战略思考

龙进霞 陈佳怡 徐汉祥 徐开达 朱文斌 梁君

摘要：近海渔业的可持续发展对我国渔业经济增长十分重要。文章在对2000—2019年近海渔业资源和水域环境现状分析的基础上，剖析近海渔业存在的问题，如海水养殖资源浪费严重、海洋捕捞过度、渔业专业人才流失和水域环境污染严重等问题。提出基于绿色发展理念的近海渔业从传统产业型向业态创新型转变、资源掠夺型向资源养护型转变和单一生产型向产业链型转变的建议，以期为我国近海渔业的可持续发展提供参考。

关键词：近海渔业;可持续发展;绿色发展;水域环境

中图分类号：F326.4;P74文献标志码：A文章编号：1005-9857（2021）11-0011-07

Strategic Thinking on Sustainability of Inshore Fishery Resources in China Based on the Concept of Green Development LONG Jinxial 2，CHEN Jiayil 2，XU Hanxiang '2，XU Kaidal'， ZHU Wenbinl，2，LIANG Jun l，2

（1.Zhejiang Ocean University，Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute，Zhoushan 316021，China;2.Scien-tific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources for Key Fishing Grounds，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China/KeyLaboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Re-search for Fishery Resource of Zhejiang Province，Zhoushan 316021，China）

Abstract：Sustainability in development of inshore fisheries were critical to the growth of fishery economy in China. By analyzing the current status of inshore fishery resources and the related en-vironments from 2000 to 2019， it was found that the inshore fisheries in China were facing serious problems，including severe waste in mariculture， overfishing， professional labor loss and water environment pollution. The study proposed that the inshore fishery should base on the con-cept of green development， and focus on the transformations of inshore fishery from traditional industry to innovative type， from resource expl itation to resource reservation， and from single in expectation of providing reference for the sustainable development of inshore fisheries in China.

Keywords：Inshore fishery， Sustainable development，Green development， Water environment

0引言

我國是海洋大国，拥有300万km2余的主张管辖海域，面积大于500m2的海岛6900余个，其中无居民海岛6500余个，大陆岸线长达18000km[1]。我国海洋生物资源丰富，以海洋生物为主体的海洋生态系统是人类重要的食物蛋白来源，也是渔业发展的物质基础，在很大程度上缓解了我国人民的粮食安全和营养水平不足的问题[2]。近海渔业是我国应对饥荒与解决贫困问题的重要支撑产业，也是建设生态文明和保护海洋权益的重要组成部分[3]。然而，近年来，由于近海水域环境破坏严重、生产方式粗放、渔业资源衰退等多种因素的影响，导致水产养殖问题日益严峻，水产品质量安全状况愈显恶劣[4]。尤其是新冠疫情以来，对于水产品来源和质量安全问题提出了更为严峻的挑战。

为了实现近海渔业资源的可持续发展，党的十九大提出了绿色发展战略，重申“两个一百年”的发展目标，这一目标既为现代渔业的发展设定了方向，同时也为转变渔业发展方式和加快绿色渔业建设奠定了基础[5-6]。……