高宇 黄海萍 吴侃侃 李青生 王炳坤 陈克亮
摘要:海洋垃圾污染问题已经成为国际社会重点关注的环境问题,也是我国海洋环境治理的重要组成部分。文章从协调机制、日常监测、预测预报、风险评估、国际合作、宣传教育方面总结和分析了厦门市海洋垃圾污染防治与管理实践和经验,针对国内当前在海洋垃圾防治与管理实践中存在的问题,在厦门模式的基础上,提出了加强立法建设、关注源头控制、开展日常监测和预报、建立评价体系、拓展合作交流、强化宣传教育等方面的措施建议,为我国其他沿海地方海洋垃圾污染防治与管理提供参考。
关键词:海洋垃圾;海洋环境治理;立法;防治;管理
中图分类号:P76;X55文献标志码:A文章编号:1005-9857(2021)11-0091-06
Prevention and Management Practices of Marine Debris Pollution:A Case Study of Xiamen
GAO Yu,HUANG Haiping,WU Kankan,LI Qingsheng, WANG Bingkun,CHEN Keliang
(Third Institute of Oceanography,MNR,Xiamen 361005,China)
Abstract:The issue of marine debris pollution has become an environmental concern of the inter-national community, and is also an important part of China's marine environmental governance. The prevention and management practice of marine debris pollution in Xiamen were summarized and analyzed from coordination mechanism,daily monitoring, prediction and forecast, risk as-sessment, international cooperation, publicityand education. According to existing problems of marine debris prevention and management from tnational level and Xiamen experiences, it put for-ward to strengthen the construction of legislatioln, focus on source control, carry out daily moni-toring and forecast, to set up the evaluation system, expand cooperation and exchange, to strengthen publicity and education from six aspects. It will provide a reference for prevention and management of marine debris pollution in other coastal city.
Keywords:Marine debris, Maine environmental governance,Legislation, Prevention, Management
0引言
根据联合国环境规划署(UNEP)的定义,海洋垃圾是指任何在海洋和海岸环境中被丢弃、倾倒或遗弃的持久性的人造或人为加工的固体材料[1]。随着沿海工业的发展与海岸带人口的激增,大量废弃物通过河流、排污口及海上倾废等途径进入海洋[2]。海洋垃圾的泛滥对人类社会与自然环境造成极大影响。尽管海洋垃圾可以作为部分海洋生物附着的硬基质[3],但其仍以负面影响为主。除对海洋物种生存与涉海经济活动造成不利影响外,海洋垃圾还通过影响生态系统服务直接或间接地影响野生动物与人类的健康[4]。海洋垃圾通过缠绕、被摄食、诱发病症和改变生境等方式影响超过800个海洋和海岸带物种[5-6]。……