韩召阳 韩磊

摘 要:生态修复是改善矿山环境的重要措施之一。准确掌握矿山生态现状、地形地貌等数据是进行生态修复的基础。利用无人机遥感技术辅助矿山修复工程实施,不仅可以连续获取高精度实时影像资料,而且能够对施工状况进行实时监测,对工程实施的质量和效益进行快速、精确的评估。本文通过分析我国矿山生态修复工程中所采用的传统数据采集方法的不足以及无人机遥感技术在矿山生态修复中的优势,简要地介绍了实施无人机遥感技术的基本方法以及无人机遥感技术在矿山生态修复过程中的动态监测、综合治理、效益评估三方面的应用。
关键词:无人机;遥感技术;矿山生态修复
中图分类号:TD88;S157文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-5168(2021)21-0062-05
Application of UAV Remote Sensing in Mine Ecological Restoration
HAN Zhaoyang1 HAN Lei1, 2
(1.School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710054;
2. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, Xi'an Shaanxi 710064)
Abstract: It is the basis of ecological restoration to accurately grasp the data of mine ecological status, topography and other date. Artificial surveying and satellite remote sensing have many disadvantages, like large workload, low efficiency and poor instantaneity. Using UAV remote sensing technology can continuously obtain high-precision real- time image data, carry out real-time monitoring of construction status, and quickly evaluate the quality and benefit of project implementation. In this article, I analyze the shortcomings of traditional data acquisition methods and the ad- vantages of UAV Remote Sensing Technology in mine ecological restoration. This paper introduces the basic method of implementing UAV remote sensing technology and the application of UAV remote sensing technology in mine ecological restoration
Keywords: UAV; remote sensing; mine ecological restoration
據统计,2018年末我国共有各类废弃矿山约99 000座,其中大型废弃矿山2 000座,中型废弃矿山4 200座,小型废弃矿山92 800座,并且废弃矿山的空间分布极不均匀,整体呈现出大中型矿少、小型矿多的特点[1]。矿产资源的不合理开采和矿山废弃造成的主要生态环境问题包括矿山地质灾害、水土资源毁损、地下水系统破坏和区域环境污染等,进行矿山生态修复工程是解决上述问题并建造宜居环境、实现绿色发展的重要举措[2]。
矿山生态修复的工作基础是获取矿山的生态现状、地形地貌等基础数据资料。目前获取矿山生态修复数据的方法多为比较传统的人工野外探测和卫星遥感。尽管这两种方法能够基本满足矿山生态修复的数据需求,但是都存在诸如效率低、成本高、数据实时性差等问题[3]。……