中考英语高频考词“How”

2021-09-10 07:22李晓梦
初中生学习指导·中考版 2021年4期
关键词:连线加油站副词

李晓梦

在初中阶段,同学们已经学习了许多特殊疑问句,而在特殊疑问句中,疑问词how引导的句式又是重点和难点之一。其中how开头的句型考查,频繁出现在中考题中,下面结合典型中考题对其作一梳理。

考点1:How …!用于感叹句的考查

【连线中考】

1. —people choose high-speed train or self-driving to travel on holidays.

— fast the traditional travel ways change! (2020·安徽·合肥)

A. What a             B. How C. What               D. How a

2. important it is for kids to imagine freely! (2020·山西·太原)

A. What           B. How             C. How an           D. What an

【知识加油站】以how引导的感叹句中,how是副词,主要用来修饰其后面的形容词或副词。由how开头引导的感叹句结构主要有:

(1) How +形容词+主语+谓语+!(2)How+副词+主语+谓语+!。如:

How hot pt is! 天气多热啊!

How well he draws! 他画得多好啊!

考点2:How … ?问句用于交际用语及应答的考查

【连线中考】

3. — do they like to study? (2020·宁夏·银川)

—They like to study in groups.

A. When       B. Why       C. How     D. Where

4. —Andy, I wonder the new sports clothes.(2020·山东·青岛)

— Of course by credit card.

A. what you paid for   B. how you paid for   C. why you paid for

5. —Excuse me , could you please tell me the Science Museum?

— Sure, Go along the street and turn left. Ir’s next to Bank of China.

A. when I can get to       B. when can I get to

C.how I can get to       D. how can I get to

【知识加油站】How … ? 引出的句式有多种用法。如:(1)How do you do ? 用于初次见面时的问候语。(2)How  are you? 用于熟人之间的常用问候语。(3)How old are you? / How old is he /she? 用于询问年龄,相当于What’s your age? (4) How …? 用于询问方式、方法。(5)How’s the weather …? 用于询问天气,相当于What’s the weather like …? (6) How do you like …? 用于询问对某人或某物的看法等。可用表程度的词,如:very much, a little , not …at all (一点也不喜欢)等问答。

考点3:How  about… ?用于建议或请求的考查

【连线中考】

6.How about to the cinema on Sunday? (2020·天津)

A. go     B. to go

C. going       D. will go

【知识加油站】How about 相当于 What about …?用于“征求对方意见、询问消息”“向对方提出请求或建议”“问及某人的身体状况”等。其中about 是介詞,后接名词、代词,其后若跟动词,必须是v.-ing 形式。美国人习惯用How about …?来代替What about …? 而What about …? 相当于“What do you think about…?”

考点4:How  much… ?与How many… ? “多少”的考查

【连线中考】

7. —I went from a school desk to a ship in my teens. (2020·山东·济南)

— days would you be at sea? Homesick?

A. How long         B. How many

C.  How much       D. How soon

8. — Do you know a 5-day trip to Hong Kong costs?

— I guess it’s about  4000.(2020·上海)

A. how fast           B. how long

C. how soon           D. how much

【知识加油站】how many或 how much 提问“数量”。 how many后加可数名词复数, how much后加不可数名词。  how much也可用于询问“价格(钱)”。询问商品的价钱时,how much后的动词用 is 还是are ,由句子主语的单复数来决定。在对价格提问时,有些句式中How much 可与What互换。如:

How much / What does it cost?(这个多少钱?)询问价格还可用 What’s the price of …?等句型。

相关链接:How many …?常常与 there be 结构结合在一起。对there be 句型中主语的限定数量语,如some, a, only one等提问时,如果主语是可数名词,不管主语是单数还是复数都要用复数形式,因为问话的人不知道数量,且many后只能跟复数名词,所以be 一定要用are。用How many 提问时注意不要去掉are there。即用“How many+复数名词+are there+时间(或地点)状语”的句型结构。如:

There is a girl in the tree.  (对划线部分提问)

→How many girls are there in the tree?

考点5:How  far… ?与How long… ? 辨析的考查

【连线中考】

9. — have you studied in this school?

— For nearly three years. (2020·陕西·西安)

A. How often

B. How far

C. How much

D. How long

10. — is it from your house to the bookstore?

—It’s about fifteen minutes’walk. (2020·黑龍江·哈尔滨)

A .How long   B. How far   C .How often

【知识加油站】how far 意为“多远”,同移动性动词连用,一般对距离提问,侧重于“有多远”。how long 用于询问“做某事花费(占用)某人一些时间”,意为“多久”“多长时间” 。how long(多久),主要用来询问某个动作或状态所持续的时间。用在现在完成时、过去完成时、一般将来时等时态的句子中。 how long在对句子带有for或 since 等表示持续性的时间状语提问时,谓语动词不能是终止性动词。how long也用于对物体“长度”进行提问。

考点6:How  often… ?与How soon… ? 辨析的考查

【连线中考】

11. — will you finish writing the review of the lndian movie Dangal?

— In tow days. (2020·重庆)

A. How far             B. How often

C. How soon           D. How long

12. —Millie , do you take the course in DIY?

—Every Saturday afternoon. (2020·江苏·南京)

A. how long B. how far

C. how much   D. how often

【知识加油站】how often , how soon短语都可译为“多(久)……”, how often常用于询问某动作在单位时间内所发生的次数,是对频度时间状语提问的短语。频度时间状语可以是 often, usually, always, sometimes, never等副词,也可以是 once a week, three times a month等副词短语。与 how often相似的短语 how many times (多少次), 后面常跟限定的时间,如:how many times a week /a day / a month /a year,并且要回答出次数。 how soon(多久)主要用来询问某个动作在多久的将来发生,是对时间多久提问的词语。它常用在将来时态中,并且用 in短语(表示再过多长时间)回答。

参考答案:1. B 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. D 10. B 11. C 12. D

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