和志远







摘要:变压器的直流电阻的测量是变压器交接/检修及预防性试验的主要项目之一,也是故障后必不可少的试验项目.通过该项试验项目,可以检查绕组接头的焊接质量,绕组匝间有无短路,绕组或引出线有无断裂,分接开关各个位置的接触状况及位置指示准确度,确定绕组平均温升.多股导线并绕的绕组是否有断股等情况.对于大容量的变压器,传统测量直流电阻的方法一直存在测量误差大、时间长的问题。随着变压器的直流电阻测试方法的发展和进步,出现了不同原理的集中测量方法。本文综合对比了这几种测量原理,并以数据和模型为基础,以最直观的方式让读者快速掌握几种测量方法的原理和差异。
关键词:变压器;直流电阻;测试方法
Abstract:the transformer dc resistance measurement is the transformer is one of the main project handover/repair and preventive test,also is the indispensable test items after fault. Through the test project,can check the welding quality of winding connection,with or without winding interturn short-circuit winding or lead wire with and without fracture,tap-changer each location of the contact condition and the accuracy of position indicator,determine the average temperature rise of winding. Multi-strand wire and around whether there is a winding broken stocks,and so on and so forth. For the large capacity of transformer,the traditional methods of dc resistance measurement error,long time. With the development and progress of dc resistance testing methods for transformers,centralized measurement methods based on different principles have emerged. This paper makes a comprehensive comparison of these measurement principles. Based on the data and model,it enables readers to quickly grasp the principles and differences of these measurement methods in the most intuitive way.
Key words:transformer;Dc resistance;The test method
一、变压器直流电阻测量方法的介绍
(一)降压法原理介绍
这是一种测量直流电阻的最简單的方法。在被试电阻通以直流电流,用合适量程的毫伏表或伏特表测量电阻上的降压,然后根据欧姆定律计算出电阻,即为降压法。
为了减小接线所造成的测量误差,测量小电阻(1Ω以下)时,采用图1-1(a)所示接线,测量大电阻(1Ω及以上)时,采用图1-1(b)所示接线。
按图1-a接线时,考虑电压表PV内阻rV的分路电流IV,则被试绕组电阻应为:
R'=U/(I﹣IV)=U/(I﹣U/rV)
实际上,现场测量一般均以R=U/I计算,则绕组电阻测量误差为(R/rV)×100%,R越小,误差越小,所以此种接线适用于小电阻。
按图1(b)接线时,考虑电流表PA电阻rA上的电压降,则被试绕组电阻应为
R'=(U﹣I/rV)/I
若仍以R=U/I计算,绕组实际电阻应减去差值α=rA,绕组电阻测量误差为(rA/R)×100%,R越大,误差越小,所以此种接线适用于测量大电阻。……