门静脉高压的无创诊断

2021-09-10 07:22:44尹洁杨红菊
锦州医科大学报 2021年4期

尹洁 杨红菊

【摘要】门静脉高压可引起食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血、肝肾综合征、肝性脑病、腹水等一系列并发症,并短期内急剧增加慢性肝病患者的死亡风险。早期诊断肝病患者有无门静脉高压及其严重程度对于评估肝病患者病情、预后、治疗方案的选择、治疗效果等具有重大意义。肝静脉压力梯度是评估门静脉压力的金标准,因存在有创性、复杂性等特点而无法在临床推广开。近年来,无创诊断门静脉高压一直是相关领域的研究热点。本文就近年来我国门静脉高压无创诊断研究进展进行综述。

【关键词】门静脉高压;无创诊断;肝硬化

【中图分类号】R44 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2026-5328(2021)04-082-05

Abstract:Portal hypertension can cause stomach esophagus varicosity burst hemorrhage,hepatorenal syndrome,hepatic encephalopathy,ascites and a series of complications,what may sharply increase the risk of death in patients with chronic liver disease in the short term.So early diagnosis of liver disease patients with or without portal hypertension and its severity for evaluating liver disease severity and prognosis,the selection of treatment,the treatment effect is of great significance.Hepatic venous pressure gradient,the gold standard for evaluation of the portal vein pressure,because of its invasive,complexity and other characteristics,cannot be popularized in clinical.In recent years,noninvasive diagnosis of portal hypertension has been the research focus in related fields.In this paper,research progress in our country noninvasive diagnosis of portal hypertension were summarized.

Key words:Portal hypertension,Noninvasive diagnostic,Cirrhosis of the liver

门静脉高压症(portal hypertension,PHT),是门静脉系统血流动力学异常和压力持久增高而引起的综合征,是慢性肝病进展至失代偿阶段最常见的并发症,可引起食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血、肝肾综合征、肝性脑病、腹水等一系列可短期内急剧增加慢性肝病患者死亡风险的并发症[1]。肝静脉压力梯度(HVPG)是评估门静脉压力变化的金标准,根据HVPG可将PHT分为轻度PHT(5-10mmHg)、临床显著PHT(≥10mmHg)、严重PHT(≥16mmHg),并可据此对肝硬化发生PHT失代偿事件(静脉曲张出血、腹水、肝性脑病等)、肝癌、死亡的风险及治疗预后进行评估[2.3],从而达到早发现、早诊治,减缓病情进展的目的。但HVPG测量是有创性操作,存在操作复杂、风险大、对人员技术和设备要求较高、费用昂贵、难以重复检测等特点,在临床实际工作推广应用难。近年来探寻可以代替HVPG评估PHT程度的无创性技术成为研究热点,本文就PHT无创性的诊断方法进行综述。……

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