关系代词引导的定语从句全接触

吴安运

定语从句是在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句，通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词之后。定语从句在句中起限制的作用，被定语从句所修饰的词称为先行词。引导定语从句的有关系代词that， which， who， whom， whose和关系副词when， where， why。

一、 定语从句的构成

定语从句由一个主句和一个从句构成。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词一般紧跟在先行词之后。

Zhang Yixing is a pop star.  + Jay Chou is from China.

Zhang Yixing is a pop star who is from

先行词  关系代词

China. 张艺兴是中国的一位流行歌手。

Yao Ming is a basketball player. + Yao Ming’s parents are also basketball players.

Yao Ming is a basketball player whose

先行词     关系代词

parents are also basketball players. 姚明是个篮球运动员， 他的父母也都是篮球运动员。

The book is very useful. + My father gave me a book.

The book which my father gave me is very     先行词  关系代词

useful. 我父亲給我的那本书很有用。

【提醒注意】

定语从句都在它所修饰的先行词的后面，这一点和汉语不同，要特别注意。

二、 关系代词的基本用法

1. that引导的定语从句

that引导定语从句时，可以指人，代替who 或whom;也可以指物，代替which。可在从句中做主语或做从句谓语动词的宾语。

The man that （who） wrote the book is an English professor. 写这本书的人是一位英语教授。（that做主语）

Film companies often make follow-ups to films that have been very successful， such as Harry Porter. 电影公司常常为已大获成功的电影拍续集，例如《哈利·波特》。（that做主语）

She is the singer that （whom） I met last week.  她就是我上周遇见的那位歌星。（that做宾语）

Is this the picture that （which） you talked about yesterday？ 这就是你们昨天谈论的那幅画吗？（that做宾语）

【提醒注意】

在下面三种场合中，要用that 引导定语从句，不用which 或who。

This is the first English grammar book that she has read. 这是她读过的第一本英语语法书。

I’d like to read the very book that you read last week. 我想读你上周读过的那本书。

She was the only person that saw the accident. 她是唯一亲眼目睹那场事故的人。

This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。

Sally is the most hard-working student that I have ever known. 莎丽是我所认识的最勤奋的学生。

②先行词为nothing， all， little， much，something， everything 和anything等不定代词，或先行词被all， every， few， any， no， some， little 等修饰时，其后的定语从句要用that引导，不用which。……