基于ITS序列对河南省山区部分野生食药用菌种质资源鉴定分析

崔筱 付晓雨 胡素娟 宋志波 刘芹 孔维威 康源春 袁瑞奇 张玉亭 孔维丽

摘    要：为了对收集的河南省野生食药用菌资源开展分类鉴定，应用ITS（Internal transcribed spacer）序列分析方法对收集于不同地区的51株野生食用菌菌株进行鉴定，基于NJ（Neighbour-Joining）法构建rDNA ITS1、ITS4序列的分子进化系统树，同时对相同属间各菌株ITS序列进行比对分析。 NCBI数据库比对结果表明，51个菌株的核酸序列相似性在92.9%～100%，隶属于2个亚纲5目14科14属28种;遗传进化树分为3个分支，侧耳属（Pleurotus）的盖囊侧耳（Pleurotus cystidiosus）单独聚为一支，肺形侧耳（Pleurotus pulmonarius）、哥伦比亚侧耳（Pleurotus columbines）、糙皮侧耳（Pleurotus ostreatus）和美味侧耳（Pleurotus sapidus）聚为第二支，丝膜菌属（Cortinarius）、马勃属（Lycoperdon）、口蘑属（Tricholoma）、乳牛肝菌属（Suillus）、灵芝属（Ganoderma）、乳菇属（Lactarius）等聚为第三支，种间各自聚为小支，表现出良好的单系性;侧耳属的25个菌株为6个差异菌株，丝膜菌属、马勃属、口蘑属、乳牛肝菌属、灵芝属、乳菇属等的18株菌株为14个差异菌株。本研究为深入了解河南省野生资源分布奠定基础。

关键词：野生食药用菌;鉴定分析;ITS

中图分类号：S646                 文献标识码：A                DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.07.001

Abstract： To carry out classification and identification of the collected wild edible and medicinal fungi resources in Henan Province，the internal transcribe spacer sequence analysis was used to identify 51 strains of wild edible fungi collected from different regions， a phylogenetic tree of rDNA ITS1/ITS4 sequences was constructed by NJ（Neighbor-joining） method， and the ITS sequence of each strain in the same genus was analyzed.The NCBI blast results showed that the sequence similarity of nucleic acid sequences of 51 strains on NCBI was between 92.9% and 100%， which were belonging to 2 subclasses 5 orders 14 families 14 genera 28 species.The genetic evolution trees showed that the 51 strains were divided into three branches， of which Pleurotus cystidiosus was isolated into one branch， Pleurotus pulmonarius， Pleurotus columbines， Pleurotus ostreatus， and Pleurotus sapidus clustered into the second branch， and Cortinarius， Lycoperdon， Tricholoma， Suillus， Ganoderma， Lactarius etc.clustered into the third branch， and each species aggregated into small branches showing a good monophyletic property.Analysis of the ITS sequences of each strain of the same genus showed that 25 strains of the Pleurotus genus were identified as 6 different strains， and 18 strains of the Cortinarius， Lycoperdon， Tricholoma， Suillus， Ganoderma， Lactarius etc. were identified as 14 different strains. This study could lay a foundation for further understanding of the wild resources distribution in Henan Province.

Key words： wild edible and medicinal fungi; identification analysis; ITS

河南省地域廣阔，位于南暖温带与北亚热带的过渡地带，气候温暖，雨量较为充沛，山林茂密，植被类型复杂，适于各种菌类繁殖生长，野生资源相当丰富。随着人们生活水平的不断提高，食用菌营养价值的关注度得到提高，许多国家和地区对食用真菌资源状况进行了调查研究。Pera等[1]采集西班牙北部天然林和人工林中海岸松下的98株菌根真菌，共有35种，隶属于16属，均为大型食用真菌，可形成外生菌根，证明了真菌和海岸松之间……