2020年乌鲁木齐市居民慢性病健康素养现状调查分析

滕云杰 俞瑞 杨晓萍

【摘要】目的：了解乌鲁木齐市居民慢性病健康素养水平，为加强慢性病预防和制定健康教育工作计划提供依据。方法：采取整群抽样法，对2020年新疆医科大学第一附属医院4152位乌鲁木齐常住居民体检者进行问卷调查。统计和分析健康素养调查问卷应答情况。结果：本次共获得3732份完整的调查问卷，慢性病健康素养达标者占54.8%，健康素养达良好程度者占18.1%。影响慢性病健康素养的因素主要有文化程度及年龄。结论：乌鲁木齐市居民慢性病的健康素养情况不理想，需探索行之有效的干预措施提高人们的健康素养，积极预防和控制慢性病。

【关键词】 慢性病;健康素养;现状调查

【Abstract】Objective To investigate the level of chronic health literacy among permanent residents of Urumuqi，which may strengthen chronic disease prevention and control.Methods 4152 permanent residents sampled by Cluster sampling.who took physical examination at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University ， they were asked to complete questionnaires about common chronic diseases. Then the health literacy questionnaires were analyzed statistically. Results There were 3732 residents completed the questionnaire. The common chronic health literacy pass rate was 54.8% and the excellent rate was 18.1%. The main factor affecting common chronic health literacy of the residents were degree of education and age. Conclusion The level of common chronic health literacy among permanent residents of Urumuqi is generally low. More contributions should do for improving the level of chronic health literacy，to prevent and control the chronic diseases actively.

【Key words】Chronic diseases; Health literacy; Status survey

據统计，2017年全球死于慢性非传染性疾病者约占总死亡人数的82.8%，主要包括心血管疾病，恶性肿瘤，糖尿病和慢性呼吸系统疾病。目前在全球范围内，随着人口老龄化及社会经济水平增长，以心血管疾病为主的多种慢性非传染性疾病的患病率正逐年增长，我国作为全球人口数最多的国家尤为重视人类健康的问题。大量研究表明，慢性病是可预防的，掌握健康知识，养成健康生活方式和行为对于促进人们的健康，预防疾病发生，降低医疗资源消耗意义重大。国家卫生部早在2008年就已正式发布了《中国公民健康素养——基本知识与技能（试行）》以促进我国公民健康素养水平的提高。健康素养是人类健康的重要组成部分，是指个人通过各种渠道获取、理解和利用健康信息的能力，运用健康信息维护和促进自身健康的基本素质。……