吸油疏水型纤维增强淀粉基泡沫材料的研究

蔡雪 张煜昊 殷学风 王瑞晨 蔺家成 林涛

摘要：采用玉米淀粉为原料，预处理后的针叶木纤维为增强体，制备了纤维增强型淀粉基泡沫材料。结果表明，在添加少量针叶木纤维后，淀粉基泡沫材料的力学性能及孔隙结构得到极大改善。当淀粉添加量4.5%，针叶木纤维添加量1.5%时，材料的压缩强度最大，达4.66 MPa ，孔隙率为88%，密度为0.13 g/cm3。通过吸附表征发现，该材料主要以吸附水为主。通过酯化反应对玉米淀粉进行疏水改性，并以预处理后的针叶木纤维为增强体，制备了疏水改性的纤维增强型淀粉基泡沫材料。当盐酸用量相同，硬脂酸用量为6 g 时，材料拉伸强度最大，达0.25 MPa ;硬脂酸用量为4 g 时，材料抗压强度最大，达4.76 MPa 。疏水改性后材料的力学性能和疏水性能相对于未改性前均有所提高，同时也提高了其吸附的油水比，使材料具有一定的亲油性。

关键词：玉米淀粉;疏水改性;泡沫材料;针叶木纤维;吸附

中图分类号：TS721+.1   文献标识码：A    DOI：10.11980/j. issn.0254-508X.2021.12.007

Study on Oil-absorbing Hydrophobic Fiber Reinforced Starch-Based Absorbent Materials

CAI Xue  ZHANGYuhao  YIN Xuefeng  WANG Ruichen  LIN Jiacheng  LIN Tao*

（College ofBioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering，Shaanxi Province Key Lab ofPapermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development，China National Light Industry Key Lab ofPaper based Functional Materials，Key Laboratory ofAuxiliary Chemistry &Technologyfor Chemical Industry，Ministry of Education ，National Demonstration Centerfor Experimental Light   Chemistry Engineering Education，Shaanxi University of Science & Technology，Xian，Shaanxi Province，710021）

Abstract ：In this study，fiber reinforced starch-based foam materials were prepared with corn starch as raw material and pretreated softwood fibers as reinforcement. The results showed that the mechanical properties and pore structure of starch-based foam materials were greatly im ? proved after adding a small amount of softwood fibers . When the starch content was 4.5% and the softwood fibers content was 1.5%，the compressive strength of the material reached the maximum of 4.66 MPa. At this time，the porosity of the material was 88% and the density was 0.13 g/cm3. The adsorption results showed that the starch-based foam materials mainly absorbed water. Then，the corn starch was hy? drophobic modified by esterification，and the fiber reinforced starch-based foam materials with hydrophobic modification were prepared with softwood fibers as reinforcement. When the dosage of hydrochloric acid was same，the dosage of stearic acid was 6 g，the tensile strength reached the maximum of 0.25 MPa. When the dosage of stearic acid was 4 g，the compressive strength reached the maximum of 4.76 MPa. Thus，compared to the materials before modification，both the mechanical properties and hydrophobicity of hydrophobic modified materials were improved. The oil-water ratio of adsorption was also improved，so that the materials had a certain lipophilicity .

Key words ：corn starch;hydrophobic modification;foam material;coniferous wood fiber;adsorption

环境问题是全球各个国家面临的普遍问题之一，我们在经济发展的同时也一直提倡可持续发展战略[1-2]。其中清洁水处理在环境保护问题中显得尤为重要，如何清洁水中的油污染问题成为了当前的研究热点之一[3-4]。目前对于油污染通常通过围油栏、吸收剂、分散剂、凝油剂、吸附材料或者焚烧进行处理[5-7]，但是传统吸附材料对泄漏在水体中的油类物质进行处理时，吸附的油污不仅难以打捞，而且后期的回收成本很大。不仅如此，目前使用的吸附材料大多为采用石油及其衍生物制备的泡沫材料。……