复合不定代词用法指南

2021-09-29 07:11李建高
初中生学习指导·提升版 2021年9期
关键词:肯定句否定句单数

李建高

英语中,由some, any, no, every与 body, one, thing构成的不定代词称为复合不定代词。复合不定代词包括:somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, nobody, no one, nothing, everybody, everyone, everything,共12个。它们的具体用法如下:

1. 复合不定代词表示单数概念,作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。如:

Someone is waiting for you at the school gate. 有人正在校门口等你。

Everyone has a nice gift. 每个人都有一个漂亮的礼物。

2. 复合不定代词被形容词或动词不定式修饰时,形容词或动词不定式要放在复合不定代词的后面。如:

There is nothing wrong with your eyes. 你的眼睛没有毛病。

Listen to me. I have something to tell you. 听我说,我有一些事情要告诉你们。

3. 由some构成的复合不定代词多用于肯定句,也可用于表示请求、建议并希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中。由any构成的复合不定代词多用于否定句或疑问句,但是强调“任何人或事”时,也可以用于肯定句。如:

Someone called you just now, but you weren’t in. 刚才有人给你打电话,但是你不在。

Could you ask someone to help me, please? 请你找人帮我好吗?

I just sat still and didn’t say anything. 我只是坐着一动不动,什么也没说。

Did anyone find it? 有人找到它了吗?

You can buy anything you like. 你可以买你所喜欢的任何东西。

4. no one / nobody / nothing这几个表示否定含义,相当于not anyone / not anybody / not anything。如:

There is nobody in the classroom. / There’s not anybody in the classroom. 教室里没人。

5. 复合不定代词后习惯上不接表示范围的of短语,但分开写的any one, every one却可以接of短语。如:

Any one of the plans will do. 这些计划中的任何一个都行。

Every one of these guidebooks has been carefully written. 这些导游手册本本都写得很细致。

6. 指代something, anything, nothing, everything等指事的复合不定代词时用it,不用they,指代someone, anyone, everyone, somebody, anybody, nobody等指人的复合不定代词时可用单数he, him, his (较正式),也可用复数they, them, their (非正式)。如:

Nothing can happen, can it? 什么事情也不会发生,对吗?

If anybody wants a ticket for the concert, he / they can get it from my office.

如果有谁想要那场音乐会的票,可以到我的办公室去拿。

【典型例题】

1.______________hopes for a sweet home as it provides us with warmth and trust.

A. None B. Everyone C. Nobody D. Somebody

【答案与解析】B. none意为“什么也没有”;everyone意为“每人,人人,所有人”;nobody意为“没有人”;somebody意为“某人”。根据句意:“人人都希望有一个温馨的家,因为它为我们提供了溫暖和信任”。故选B。

2. Did you do______________during the last summer vacation?

A. something special B. special something C. anything special

【答案与解析】C. something意为“某物,某事”,一般用于肯定句;anything意为“任何事物”,一般用于疑问句或否定句。显然,该句是一般疑问句,所以空白处只能填anything,又因为形容词special修饰复合不定代词时应后置。故选C。

3. There’s______________wrong with the engine—it’s making strange noises.

A. nothing B. anything C. everything D. something

【答案与解析】D. nothing意为“没有一件东西”;anything意为“任何事物”;everything意为“每样事物,每件事,所有事物”;something意为“某物,某事”。依据“it’s making strange noise”可知,空白处应填something。故选D。

【即时演练】根据句意,从括号中选择恰当的词(组)填空。

1. —There is______________(something / anything) in my right eye.

—I’d like to help you get it out, but I can’t see ______________(something/anything) in it.

2. Everyone except Tom and John ______________(was / were) there when the meeting began.

3. —Did Anna go to the city park yesterday?

—Yes, but she thought there was______________(interesting nothing/nothing interesting) there.

4. As______________(somebody / anybody) can see, Mary is the winner of the tennis game.

5. —Mum, I’m hungry. Could you make me ______________(something/anything) to eat?

—Sure. How about hamburgers?

6. —Good morning, class! Is ______________(anyone/everyone) here today?

—Yes, all the students are here.

Keys: 1. something; anything 2. was 3. nothing interesting 4. anybody 5. something 6. everyone

猜你喜欢
肯定句否定句单数
单数和复数
can have done用法小结
走迷宫
学写双重否定句
单数和双数
虚拟语气“本……”的表达方式和高考
重点词语辨析与演练
must,have to和have got to
Units 1—2句型转换专练