有机无机复混肥配施不同水平镁肥对糖料蔗田间效应的影响

2021-10-03 02:30:34吴刃经福林冯学娟梁明刘建荣张曼其刘伟清
热带农业科学 2021年12期

吴刃 经福林 冯学娟 梁明 刘建荣 张曼其 刘伟清

摘要由于重施和偏施氮肥、磷肥和鉀肥等化学肥料,忽视施用有机肥料及一些对甘蔗生长有着重要作用的中、微量营养元素,加上甘蔗的连作,导致大部分蔗区地力下降,土壤中大量的镁素养分被带走,在一定程度上抑制甘蔗产量及品质的提高。研究施用有机无机复混肥+不同量镁肥对糖料蔗田间效应的影响。结果表明,有机无机复混肥配施不同水平镁肥,不仅改善了糖料蔗地土壤营养状况,补充了土壤镁素养分,提高了土壤 pH,还增加了糖料蔗株高、蔗茎重、产量以及经济收入,且有机无机复混肥配施150 kg/hm2硫酸镁增加的经济收入最多(1584元/hm2),值得推广应用。

关键词糖料蔗;有机肥;硫酸镁;田间效应

中图分类号 S147.2 文献标识码 A  DOI:10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2021.12.005

Effects of Organic-inorganic Compound Fertilizer Combined with Different Levels of Magnesium Fertilizer on Sugarcane in the Field

WU  Ren  JING  Fulin  FENG  Xuejuan  LIANG  Ming  LIU  JianrongZHANG  Manqi  LIU  Weiqing

(Guangdong Zhanjiang State Farms Research Institute, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, China)

Abstract  Heavy  or  single  application  of macroelement  chemical  fertilizers  such  as  nitrogen  fertilizer, phosphorus  fertilizer  and potassium  fertilizer without  application  of organic  fertilizers  and  some  meso- and micro- element nutrients that play  an important role in  sugarcane growth, and continuous cropping of  sugarcane  have  led  to  decline  in  soil  fertility  in  most  sugarcane  areas,  and  a  large  number  of magnesium has been removed from the soil, which has inhibited the improvement of sugarcane yield and quality to a certain extent. In this context, sugarcane was applied with the organic - inorganic compound fertilizer combined with magnesium fertilizer at different rates in the sugarcane field. The results showed that the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer combined with different levels of magnesium fertilizer not only  improved  the  soil  nutritional  regimes  in  the  sugarcane  filed,  supplemented  the  soil  magnesium content, and improved soil pH, but also increased the plant height, cane weight, cane yield and economic income from  sugarcane. The  sugarcane treated with the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer combined with 150 kg ·ha-1 magnesium  sulfate generated the highest economic income (1584 yuan ·ha-1) after cost subtraction, and the treatment is hence worthy of promotion and application.

Keywords  sugarcane ; organic fertilizer ; magnesium sulfate ; field effect

近年来,国家持续加大对农业的投入,并开展化肥减量增效示范,强调在耕地酸化、盐碱化较严重区域集成推广施用土壤调理剂、绿肥还田、耕作压盐及增施有机肥等措施。林海荣[1]在广东雷州蔗区调查发现,地力下降是造成甘蔗低产的主要原因之一,亟需通过施用有机肥部分替代化肥来改良和培肥土壤;并通过连续3年的试验发现,配施生物有机肥+化肥可使甘蔗增产18%,而且施用生物有机肥后甘蔗对氮、磷、钾吸收利用更充分[1]。陈迪文等[2]通过探究生物有机肥在甘蔗生产上的施用效果发现,配施生物有机肥+化肥能显著提高甘蔗的产量和糖分含量。镁对维持叶绿体结构有重要作用,可参与光合作用、酶的活化、蛋白质合成及活性氧代谢等一系列生理过程。……

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