抗日战争时期中国共产党在延安地区的体育实践

摘    要：延安地区体育是抗日战争时期在以延安为中心的陕甘宁边区发展的体育运动的统称，既是中国近代新民主主义体育的重要组成部分，也是“红色体育”发展历程中的一个特殊阶段。在抗日战争时期，中国共产党在根据地的体育实践因战争原因及窘迫的物质条件而变得因陋就简，但边区的学校体育发展卓有成效。延安地区体育的建设经验对新中国成立后体育事业的建设与发展意义重大。运用文献研究法对与陕甘宁边区政府相关的文献及相关论文进行分析，梳理了延安地区体育的形成与发展历程，分析了抗日战争时期延安地區体育的特点和作用，即军事体育是延安地区体育的重要组成部分、延安地区体育极大地激发了根据地军民的革命斗志。应汲取延安边区体育将学校体育与竞技体育、群众体育融合发展的经验，结合新中国体育发展中的具体实践，进一步促进新中国体育的创新发展。

关键词：抗战时期;中国共产党;延安地区;陕甘宁边区;学校体育;红色体育;体育教育;群众体育

中图分类号：G 80-05          学科代码：040301           文献标识码：A

Abstract：Yanan regional sports is the general name of the sports practice in the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region centered on Yanan during the Anti-Japanese War. It is not only an important part of Chinas modern new democratic sports， but also a special stage in the development process of“red sports”. During the Anti-Japanese War period， the sports practice carried out by the Communist Party of China in the base region appeared to be simple because of the reasons of the war and the poor material conditions， but the school physical education in the border region achieved fruitful development. The construction experience of sports in Yanan region is of great significance to the construction and development of sports after the founding of the Peoples Republic of China. Using the method of literature research， this paper analyzes the relevant documents and papers issued by the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region government， combs the formation and development process of sports in Yanan region， and analyzes the historical role of sports practice in Yanan region during the Anti-Japanese War. Military sports is an important part of sports in Yanan region; sports in Yanan greatly stimulated the revolutionary fighting spirit of the army and the people in the base region. We should learn from the experience of the integrated development of school physical education， competitive sports and mass sports in the sports in Yanan border region， combined with the specific practice of the development of sports in the Peoples Republic of China， so as to further promote the innovative development of sports of the Peoples Republic of China.

Keywords：anti-Japanese war period; the Communist Party of China; Yanan region; Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region; school physical education; red sports; physical education; mass sports

中国共产党建立后在坎坷的革命道路中探索建立了新中国，建党百年来领导中国人民取得了令世人惊叹的伟大成就。中国共产党领导的体育事业由新民主主义革命时期的“红色体育”发展到今天的中国特色社会主义新时代的体育，历经百年，形成了比较完善的学校体育体系、体育组织体系、竞技体育管理体制、体育竞赛体系等。……