麻黄细辛附子汤治疗变应性鼻炎的中药复方科研思路

潘佳创　刘男男　张艺　刘敏

摘要 经方麻黄细辛附子汤临床治疗变应性鼻炎疗效显著，近年机制研究成果突出。根据本团队科研经验结合相关文献总结了当前麻黄细心附子汤治疗变应性鼻炎的特点及研究成果，探讨由麻黄细辛附子汤科研道路上投射至中药复方的现代化科研思路及亟待解决的瓶颈，总之发展中医必须立足根本，走具有中医特色的科研道路。

关键词 中药复方;科研思路;麻黄细辛附子汤;变应性鼻炎

Abstract The classical prescription，Mahuang Xixin Fuzi decoction，has a obvious curative effect on allergic rhinitis，and research findings of its mechanism has been outstanding in recent years.Based on our team′s research experience and related references，this paper summarized the characteristics and research findings of the treatment of allergic rhinitis with Mahuang Xixin Fuzi decoction.We also discussed modern scientific research ideas and obstacles to be cleared about compound prescriptions of Chinese Materia Medica relected in the research of Mahuang Xixin Fuzi decoction.In a word，the development of Chinese medicine and TCM research must be based on its fundamental characteristics.

Keywords Compound prescription of Chinese materia medica; Scientific researchideas; Mahuang Fuzi Xixin decoction; Allergic rhinitis

中图分类号：R289.5;R765文献标识码：Adoi：10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2021.18.023

经方麻黄细辛附子汤出自《伤寒论》第301条：“少阴病，始得之，反发热，脉沉者，麻黄细辛附子汤主之。”麻黄细辛附子汤方中3味药物，麻黄辛温入太阳，开腠理透毛窍，发汗解表;附子辛甘大热入少阴，温肾助火，温经扶阳;细辛芳香行窜，内佐附子，外助麻黄。变应性鼻炎是其临证应用的优势病种[1]，使用本方治疗变应性鼻炎可标本兼治，邪正兼顾。近年来关于麻黄细辛附子汤治疗变应性鼻炎的药理机制一直在摸索推进中。我们以麻黄细辛附子汤为中药复方代表，结合科研实际，探讨分析符合中医特色的中药复方科研思路，为发展中医特色化科研思路提供一隅拙见。

1 麻黄细辛附子汤治疗变应性鼻炎药理机制效应特点

1.1 麻黄细辛附子汤可以逆转Th2偏移，恢复Th1/Th2动态平衡 Th2活化亢进，Th1/Th2平衡失调，是变应性鼻炎发病的重要免疫学基础。本方能通过抑制IL-4、IL-5及相应转录因子GATA3表达，促进IFN-γ及转录因子T-bet表达，纠正Th2偏移[2]，且对IL-4，13抑制作用尤为显著，并在体外发现其对TH2细胞也有激活效应。……