冷冻对椰肉质构特性以及榨汁后流变学和脂肪球粒度分布特性的影响

2021-11-08 12:41:34王媛媛沈晓君王挥张玉锋李永东宋菲
热带作物学报 2021年9期

王媛媛 沈晓君 王挥 张玉锋 李永东 宋菲

摘  要:冷冻贮藏保鲜是目前普遍公认的最为安全的食品保鲜方法之一,已被工业化广泛应用。本研究采用冷冻贮藏食品中常用的4种温度(?80、?40、?18、?10 ℃)对椰肉进行冷冻处理,经过自然解冻后对椰肉质构、榨汁后椰浆流变学和脂肪球粒度特性进行研究与分析。结果表明,冷冻后椰肉硬度明显减小,且随着冷冻温度的升高而减小;椰浆表现出假塑性流体的特征,冷冻使椰肉榨汁后的椰浆黏度、剪切应力和脂肪球粒度都增加,且随着冷冻温度的升高而增加,脂肪球颗粒均匀度下降。

关键词:冷冻椰肉;质构特性;流变学特性;粒度特性

中图分类号:TS255.3;S667.4      文献标识码:A

Effects of Freezing on Textural Properties of Coconut Meat and Rheological, Fat Globules Particle Size Distribution Properties after Squeezing

WANG Yuanyuan1,2,3,4, SHEN Xiaojun1,2,3,4, WANG Hui1,2,3, ZHANG Yufeng1,2,3, LI Yongdong5,

SONG Fei1,2,3,4*

1. Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan 571339, China; 2. National Center of Important Tropical Crops Engineering and Technology Research (Coconut Center), Wenchang, Hainan 571339, China; 3. Hainan Engineering Center of Coconut Further Processing, Wenchang, Hainan 571339, China; 4. Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang, Hainan 571339, China; 5. Hainan Yu-lin Coconut Technology Development Co., Ltd. , Wenchang, Hainan 571339, China

Abstract: Frozen storage is one of the safest food preservation methods, which has been widely used in industrialization. Four temperatures commonly used in frozen storage food, ?80, ?40, ?18 and ?10 ℃, were used in this experiment to freeze the coconut meat after air thawing, the textural properties of coconut meat and the rheological, fat globules particle size distribution properties were studied and analyzed. The hardness of coconut meat decreased significantly after freezing, and decreased with the increase of freezing temperature. Coconut milk showed the characteristics of pseudoplastic fluid. The viscosity, shear stress and fat globules particle size of coconut milk increased with the increase of freezing temperature, the particle uniformity of fat globule decreased.

Keywords: frozen coconut meat; textural properties; rheological properties; particle size properties

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.09.033

隨着近些年人们对健康、有机、纯植物基等加工产品的热衷,我国的椰子加工产业也得到突飞猛进的发展。椰肉是椰子加工产业中最重要的生产原料,用于生产椰子汁、椰子糖、椰子油、椰蓉、椰子粉、椰干、椰奶等加工产品。我国由于种植面积有限,椰子原料80%以上依赖进口毛椰子果,而进口毛椰子果的单位空间运输量十分有限,贮存和运输过程中质量难以控制,在加工过程中目前没有被完全利用的加工副产物(椰壳和老椰子水等)也增加了运输和环境治理成本;此外,毛椰子果运输过程中容易藏匿外来生物,对我国生态系统带来隐患。因此,将原料进口方式由毛椰子果转变为初级加工原料将能有效解决和避免以上问题,预防和应对椰子主产国对我国进口毛椰子果的限制,保障原料供应,降低劳动力加工成本。……

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