海南三亚和文昌稻田蜻蜓目成虫群落调查分析

周霞 谭燕华 易小平 伍苏然 张丽丽 郭安平

摘  要：蜻蜓目（Odonata）昆虫生活在不同的湿地中，越来越多地被用作评估环境质量及其变化的生物指标。弄清海南稻田蜻蜓目成虫群落组成和种群发展动态，可以为评价海南稻田环境质量提供依据。本研究于2017年对热带地区三亚市和亚热带地区文昌市的第1季和第2季稻田蜻蜓进行抽样调查，结果显示：蜻蜓群落在海南两季水稻不同生长期都稳定存在，种类有5～15种，数量为每百丛（3.70±0.67）～（14.00±0.57）头。蜻蜓群落多样性指数（H′）为2.007～2.19 均匀性指数（J）为0.786～0.808，优势集中性指数（C）为0.148～0.190。三亚和文昌分别采集到蜻蜓成虫3科15种和2科17种，第2季种类多于第1季，共有物种11种，两季群落相似系数（Cs）为0.70 优势种相似系数（Cs）为0.857。在三亚两季的分蘖期、花期和结实期个体数量有显著差异，而文昌两季不同时期个体数量无显著差异。三亚位于南繁区，杯斑小蟌（Agriocnemis femina）、翠胸黄蟌（Ceriagrion auranticum）和截斑脉蜻（Neurothemis tullia）可能是对南繁稻田环境变化敏感的种类。

关键词：三亚;文昌;稻田;蜻蜓;种群

中图分类号：S476.2      文獻标识码：A

Communities of Adults Dragonflies in Rice Fields in Tropic and Subtropic Region in Hainan， China

ZHOU Xia TAN Yanhua YI Xiaoping2， WU Suran2， ZHANG Lili2， GUO Anping1，2*

1. Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off - season Reproduction Regions / Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences， Sanya， Hainan 572024， China; 2. Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences， Haikou， Hainan 571101， China

Abstract： Dragonflies are increasingly used as the biological indicators to evaluate environmental quality. There are also many species of dragonflies in rice fields in Hainan Province. In order to make clear the community composition of dragonflies in rice fields in Hainan Province， the adult dragonflies were sampled in first and second rice seasons in 2017 in Sanya and Wenchang. The dragonfly community was stable in different growth stages of two rice seasons in Hainan， with 5-15 species and （3.7±0.67） - （14.0±0.57） dragonflies per hundred clusters. The diversity index of dragonfly community was 2.007-2.193， the evenness index was 0.786-0.808， and the dominant concentration index was 0.148-0.190. 15 species from 3 families of adult dragonflies were collected in rice ecosystem in tropic region and 17 species from 2 families in subtropic region respectively and 11 species were both in Sanya and Wenchang. The similarity of community species was 0.701， and the similarity of dominant species was 0.857. In the first and second seasons there were significant differences in the number of individuals at tillering， flowering and fruiting stages in Sanya， while there were no significant differences in Wenchang. Agriocnemis Femina， Ceriagorion auranticum and Neurothemis tullia may be sensitive to the change of environmental pollution in rice fields.

Keywords： Sanya; Wenchang; rice field; dragonflies; population

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.09.037

蜻蜓生活在不同的湿地中，并越来越多地被用作评估环境质量及其变化的生物指标[1-5]。稻田属人造湿地，蜻蜓成虫在稻田捕食水面上部的多种节肢动物，大蜻蜓也会取食小蜻蜓[6]。蜻蜓稚虫水生，取食稻田水体中的多种节肢动物[7]。蜻蜓体型和取食量都很大，相比稻田其他捕食性天敌，蜻蜓成虫和稚虫对稻田整体的节肢动物群落影响更大。因此蜻蜓可作为研究环境变化和耕种制度改变对稻田节肢动物影响的重要指示昆虫。……