暨南大学石牌校区园林植物群落多样性调查与植物配置分析

李建仪，黄玉源，刘德良

摘 要：以暨南大学石牌校区为研究对象，采用实地调研法对该校区的植物种类、生活型、观赏特性和植物群落结构特征等进行研究，并对各功能分区代表性案例进行具体分析，其目的主要是针对校园植物群落结构特征和植物景观存在的问题，提出合理的解决措施，以期为广东及其他地区高校建设绿色校园、生态校园、和谐校园提供参考和借鉴。结果表明：1）该校区植物共计139种（含变种），隶属58科114属;2）乔木种类和数量偏少，缺乏落叶树种，部分群落结构简单;3）以观花和观叶植物为主，观果和观枝干植物欠缺;4）10个植物群落乔灌草3个层次的Simpson多样性指数与Shannon-Wiener多样性指数趋势大致相同，各层次排序为灌木层>草本层>乔木层，说明灌木层植物种类最丰富;Odum指数与Margalef指数基本呈同一趋势，各层次排序为灌木层>草本层>乔木层，与物种多样性指数变化趋势基本一致。

关键词：暨南大学;植物景观;群落结构;优化对策

中图分类号：        文献标识码：

Survey on Diversity and Disposition of Garden Plant Community in Shipai Campus of Jinan University

LI Jianyi1，HUANG Yuyuan2*，LIU Deliang3*

（1College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture，Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering，Guangzhou，Guangdong 510225，China;2College of Agriculture and Biology ，Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering，Guangzhou，Guangdong 510225，China;3College of Life Sciences，Jiaying College，Meizhou，Guangdong 514015，China）

Abstract： The main purpose of this study is to put forward reasonable solutions for the problems existing in the plant structure characteristics and plant landscape on campus. Taking the Shipai campus of Jinan University as the research object， we investigated the species， life form， ornamental characteristics and structure characteristics of the plants on campus， and analyzed the typical case of each landscape functional zone， so as to provide reference for constructing green， ecological and harmonious campus in other universities in Guangdong. The results showed： 1） There were 139 species （including varieties）， belonging to 58 families and 114 genera; 2） the species and quantity of tree， especially deciduous tree species were less， and the community structure was simple; 3） flowers and foliage plants were in major， but fruit and stem plants were shortage; 4） The Simpson diversity index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index of the three layers （arbor， shrub and grass） of the 10 plant communities were approximately the same， and the order of each layer was shrub layer > herb layer > tree layer， indicating that the shrub layer had the most abundant plant species; Odum index and Margalef index showed the same trend， and the order of each layer was shrub layer > herb layer > tree layer， being basically consistent with the change trend of species diversity index.

Key words： Jinan University; plant landscape; community structure; optimization countermeasures

校園绿化是校园建设的重要组成部分，也是评判大学建设水平的重要标准[1]。近年来，国内各高校校园建设的蓬勃发展，人们更加注重学校整体规划、建筑设计形式和地理位置等问题，而忽视了校园绿化这项重要工作。在大力倡导生态环境建设的背景下，人们对校园植物景观营造愈发重视[2-4]。优美的校园环境可为师生提供一个良好的学习、工作和生活空间，有利于学生发现美、感受美、创造美，并潜移默化养成美的行为、美的语言、美的品格[5]。据研究报道，校园……