“试误学习”在高中通用技术课堂的应用

【摘    要】《普通高中通用技术课程标准》强调技术课程中通过实践项目，强化科学原理的运用，发展学生对知识的整合、应用、物化和解决技术问题的能力。学生在实践教学中出错是常态，“试误”即尝试错误，使学生在不断尝试的过程中学会归纳与概括、演绎与推理，逐渐具备批判性思维、创造性思维等科学思维能力。“试误学习”也是让学生循序渐进地获取知识，提升实践能力的有效途径。

【关键词】试误学习;高中通用技术;水飞车

中图分类号：G633       文献标识码：A      文章编号：1006-7485（2021）33-0103-02

The Application of "Trial and Error Learning" in the General Technology Classroom of Senior High School

——Take the Design and Production of "Water Speed Vehicle" as an Example

（The High School Affiliated to Nanjing Normal University， China） QIAO Cuiling

【Abstract】"General High School General Technical Curriculum Standards" emphasizes the use of practical projects in technical courses to strengthen the application of scientific principles， and develop students' ability to integrate， apply， materialize and solve technical problems of knowledge. It is normal for students to make mistakes in practical teaching. "Trial and error" means trial and error， which enables students to learn induction and generalization， deduction and reasoning in the process of continuous experimentation， and gradually possess scientific thinking skills such as critical thinking and creative thinking. "Trial and error learning" is also an effective way for students to gradually acquire knowledge and improve their practical ability.

【Keywords】Trial and error learning; Senior high school general technology; Water speed vehicle

通用技術课堂如果全盘采用以教师为主导传授知识的传统教学方法，那么学习力强的学生勉强能获取一定的知识，但所获取知识的深度不足。而枯燥的学习方法加上对学习的惧怕心理使基础薄弱的学生想掌握所学则是难上加难。笔者结合在实际工作中发现的问题，对“试误学习”在高中通用技术教学中的应用做了一些探索。

一、创设试误情境，调动学生主动性

“水火箭”是一个利用质量比和气压作用而设计的项目，很多学生在科技活动中都参与过水火箭的制作。教师采用学生接触过的项目作为通用技术学科的实践项目，容易拉近学生与课程的距离，但不利于保持神秘感。再者“水火箭”测试需要较为广阔的空间，高楼林立的城市实难满足要求，存在一定的安全隐患。综合以上因素，教师应调整项目，运用的科学原理不变，呈现的方式有变，结构的设计上有相似也有差异，测试高度变为测试滑行距离，将“水火箭”变“水飞车”。……