移栽技术对烤烟生长发育和产质量的影响

何永秋 张少搏 柏凌志 安然 宁海峰 曾惠宇 蒋皓

摘要 開展了膜下小苗移栽（CK）与水旱两段式育苗移栽在大田的对比试验，研究水旱两段式育苗移栽处理对烤烟生长发育及品质的影响。在该试验条件下，两段式育苗处理在推迟12 d移栽的情况下，团棵期仅推迟5 d，其他生育期仅推迟1 d，但大田生育期缩短11 d左右。两段式育苗移栽处理的团棵期株高较对照略矮，但后期具有生长优势，株高反而增加，但两者相差不大。与对照相比，两段式育苗处理花叶病发生略轻一些。两段式育苗移栽处理产量较对照增加76.95 kg/hm2，增产3.9%;产值较对照增加7 004.55元/hm2，增加17.8%;均价较对照增加2.7元/kg，增加13.5%;上等烟比例为31.41%，较对照高6.94百分点，中上等烟比例为88.17%，较对照增加5.6百分点。两段式育苗移栽处理烤后橘黄烟比例较多，达到79.99%，较对照高2.88百分点;青杂比例比较少，其中青黄烟比例为0，杂色比例仅8.79%，较对照减少6.06百分点。与对照相比，两段式育苗移栽处理的还原糖和淀粉含量有所下降，总植物碱和钾含量略有升高，其他化学成分含量基本维持不变。

关键词 两段式育苗;农艺性状;产值;品质;烤烟

中图分类号 S 572  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）23-0025-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.23.007

Effects of Different Transplanting Techniques on Growth， Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobaccos

HE Yong-qiu， ZHANG Shao-bo， BAI Ling-zhi et al

（Changning Branch， Hengyang Company of Hunan Tobacco Company， Changning， Hunan 421500）

Abstract The effects of floating seedling transplanting and two-stage seedling transplanting on the growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco were carried out. When the transplanting of two-stage seedling was delayed for 12 d， the cluster stage was delayed for about 5 d， the other growth stages were delayed for about 1 d， but the field growth period was shortened for about 11 d. The plant height of the two-stage seedling transplanting was slightly lower than the control treatment， but it had growth advantage in the later stage， and the plant height increased， but the difference was not significant. Compared with the control treatment， the incidence of mosaic disease in two-stage seedling treatment was slightly lighter. Compared with the control treatment， the yield of two-stage seedling transplanting increased by 76.95 kg/hm2， increased by 3.9%;the output value  increased by 7 004.55 yuan/hm2， increased by 17.8%;the average price increased by 2.7 yuan /kg （13.5%）;the proportion of superior tobacco was 31.41%， increased by 6.94 percentage points， the proportion of middle and superior tobacco was 88.17%， increased by 5.6 percentage points. After two-stage seedling transplanting， the proportion of yellow smoke was more， reaching 79.99%， which was 2.88 percentage points higher than that of the control. The proportion of green and yellow smoke was 0， and the proportion of variegated smoke was only 8.79%， which was 6.06 percentage points lower than that of the control. Compared with the control， the contents of reducing sugar and starch decreased， the contents of total alkaloid and potassium increased slightly， and the contents of other chemical components remained unchanged.

Key words Two-stage seedling;Agronomic traits;Output value;Quality;Flue-cured tobaccos

作者简介 何永秋（1987—），男，湖南益阳人，农艺师，硕士，从事烟叶生产技术推广与科研研究。

收稿日期 2021-04-05

漂浮育苗是我国目前烟叶生产上普遍采用的育苗方式[1-2]，可以实现烟叶育苗的规模化和集约化。然而在湘南烟区应用的过程中，育苗期间受低温影响，容易产生弱苗，烟苗移栽之后还苗期长，烟苗成活率不高。……