高碑店湖浮游植物群落结构动态特征与水环境因子关系

陈晓江 李兴 杜桂森 刘波

摘要 北京市通惠河高碑店湖是再生水補水的景观湖。为研究补给再生水后景观水体浮游植物群落结构特征，于2018年5—11月间，对高碑店湖浮游植物进行逐季度调查研究。在采集浮游植物水样的同时，进行了水温、总氮、总磷等水质因子的监测，并运用典范对应分析（CCA）方法分析了浮游植物群落结构季节动态及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明，调查到浮游植物6门49属95种（含变种），主要优势种春季为铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）和空球藻（Eudorina elegans），夏季为杂球藻（Pleodorina californica）、弱细颤藻（Oscillatoria tenuis）、颗粒直链藻最窄变种（Melosira granulata var. angustissima），秋季为梅尼小环藻（Cyclotella meneghiniana）、四尾栅藻（Scenedesmus quadricauda）、单角盘星藻具孔变种（Pediastrum simplex var. duodenarium）、微芒藻（Micractinium pusillum），优势种季节变化明显;春季浮游植物密度高于夏季和秋季，其值为5.51×108 cells/L，物种多样性指数春季>夏季>秋季，最高值为3.88，物种丰富度指数秋季>春季>夏季，最高值为1.92;CCA分析结果说明对浮游植物群落结构具有影响的主要水环境因子为WT（水温）、SD（透明度）、BOD5（生化需氧量）和TP（总磷）。

关键词 浮游植物;群落结构;富营养化;环境因子;CCA分析

中图分类号 Q 178  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）23-0060-07

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.23.018

Relationship between Dynamic Characteristics of Phytoplankton Community Structure and Water Environmental Factors in Gaobeidian Lake

CHEN Xiao-jiang1，LI Xing2，DU Gui-sen3 et al

（1.Department of Biology， Xinzhou Teachers University， Xinzhou， Shanxi 034000;2. Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Water-saving Agriculture， Inner Mongolia Normal University， Hohhot， Inner Mongolia 010022;3.Capital Normal University， Beijing 100048）

Abstract Gaobeidian Lake of Tonghui River in Beijing is a landscape lake with reclaimed water. In order to study the characteristics of the phytoplankton community structure in the landscape water body after replenishing the reclaimed water， a quarterly survey and research on the phytoplankton in Gaobeidian Lake was carried out from May to November 2018.While collecting phytoplankton water samples， the water quality factors such as water temperature， total nitrogen and total phosphorus were monitored， and the seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton community structure and its relationship with environmental factors were analyzed by canonical correspondence analysis （CCA）.The results showed that 95 species （including variants） of 49 genera and 6 phytoplanktons were observed. The results showed that 95 species （including variants） of 49 genera and 6 phytoplankton species were investigated. Dominant species displayed obvious variation with season. The main dominant species were Microcystis aeruginosa，Eudorina elegans in spring， and Pleodorina californica，Oscillatoria tenuis，Melosira granulata var. angustissima in summer， and Cyclotella meneghiniana，Scenedesmus quadricauda，Pediastrum simplex var. duodenarium，Micractinium pusillum in autumn.The phytoplankton density in spring was higher than that in summer and autumn， the value was 5.51×108cells/L， the species diversity index was spring > summer > autumn， the highest value was 3.88， and the species richness index was autumn > spring > summer， the highest value was 1.92. The results of canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the main water environmental factors influencing the structure of phytoplankton community were water temperature， transparency， BOD5 （biochemical oxygen demand） and TP （total phosphorus）.

Key words Phytoplankton;Community structure;Eutrophication;Environmental factors;CCA analysis

基金项目 内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目（2020LH02008）;博士科研启动项目（047/00000415）;忻州师范学院基金项目（047/00000443）。

作者简介 陈晓江（1974—），男，山西大同人，讲师，博士，主要从事植被生态学、水环境监测研究。通信作者，副教授，博士，主要从事水资源管理研究。

收稿日期 2021-03-03;修回日期 2021-04-02

环境监测方法由常规的物理化学指标监测转向更加科学的生态监测，以更加实时有效地掌握环境生态健康状况[1]。……