川西北某乡镇农用地土壤重金属污染评价

李静文 高程 贺玉龙 王亚婷

摘要 基于2017年四川西北某乡镇农用地土壤环境质量评价报告，对土壤8种重金属进行了相关性分析和主成分分析，采用目前应用广泛的内梅罗综合指数法和潜在生态指数风险指数法进行了农用地土壤重金属污染评价。结果表明：土壤中Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、As这5种元素具有同源关系，Pb、Cr、Hg这3种元素也具有同源关系;8种重金属元素单因子污染指数依次为Cd>Cu>Cr>Zn>As>Ni>Pb>Hg，Cd污染最为严重，为中度污染，整个调查区内梅罗综合污染指数平均值为1.99，属轻度污染;潜在生态危害指数法依次为Cd>Hg>As>Cu>Ni>Pb>Cr>Zn，Cd存在极高等潜在风险，Hg也存在中高等潜在风险，其他重金属元素为低潜在生态风险，综合潜在生态危害指数均值596.98，存在中高等潜在风险。

关键词 农田土壤;重金属;污染评价

中图分类号 X 825  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）23-0097-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.23.026

Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution in Agricultural Land of a Township in Northwest Sichuan

LI Jing-wen1，GAO Cheng2，HE Yu-long3 et al

（1.Chengdu Research Institute of Environmental Protection， Chengdu，Sichuan  610072;2.Science and Technology Consulting Co.， Ltd. of Sichuan Academy of Environmental Sciences， Chengdu，Sichuan 610041;3. Faculty of Geoscience and Environmental Engineering， Southwest Jiaotong University，Chengdu，Sichuan 611756）

Abstract Based on the evaluation report of soil environmental quality of agricultural land in a town of northwestern Sichuan in 2017， the correlation analysis and principal component analysis of eight heavy metals in the soil were carried out. The Nemero comprehensive index method and the potential ecological index risk index were widely used. The law carried out the evaluation of heavy metal pollution in agricultural land. The results showed that the five elements Ni， Cu， Zn， Cd and As had homology， and the three elements Pb， Cr and Hg also had homology. The single factor pollution index of eight heavy metal elements was Cd>Cu>Cr>Zn>As>Ni>Pb>Hg， and Cd pollution was the most serious to moderate pollution. The average Mero comprehensive pollution index in the survey area was 1.99 mild pollution. The potential ecological hazard index method was： Cd>Hg>As>Cu>Ni>Pb>Cr>Zn， Cd has extremely high potential risks， Hg also has medium and high potential risks， other heavy metal elements are low potential ecological risks. The comprehensive potential average ecological risk index is 596.98， and there is a potential risk in the medium and high.

Key words Agricultural land soil;Heavy metal;Pollution assessment

作者簡介 李静文（1993—），女，四川南充人，助理工程师，硕士，从事土壤污染及防治研究。通信作者，高级工程师，博士，从事土壤污染防治研究。

收稿日期 2021-03-11

土壤是生态系统中重要组成部分[1]，土壤重金属状况会直接影响农作物的质量。土壤中有两种主要的重金属来源：一是来自地质背景，主要是由于成土母质本身重金属含量高，导致土壤中重金属富集;二是来源于人为活动，主要是农业生产、工业和城市生活造成的污染[2]。近年来石油开采、金属冶炼、交通运输等行业越来越多涉及重金属和有机物，农业生产中的化肥、农膜以及农药使用率高，回收率低也造成农用地土壤污染，尤其Cd、Hg、Pb等有毒有害重金属可能被农作物吸收，难以被生物降解，通过生物累积效应在人体中累积，严重危害人体健康[3]，是国内外学者研究的热点。……