基于GIS的公园绿地可达性分析

2021-12-18 15:24:22张楠
安徽农业科学 2021年23期

摘要 以哈尔滨松北区为例,运用ArcGIS软件的网络分析法,基于步行、骑行、机动车3种出行方式,定量分析了松北区公园的可达性。将到达公园的时间成本分为4个等级:<5 min、5~<10 min、10~<15 min、15~<20 min。不同时间等级下可达性效果排序为机动车、骑行、步行。3种出行方式的最高可达性面积比分别为4.90%、18.00%、41.10%,最高可达性面积占比都在20 min以内。松北区公园步行方式可达性较差,在15 min内,有效服务范围占研究区的2.50%;骑行可达性一般,在15 min内,有效服务范围占研究区的13.20%;機动车可达性较好,15 min内,有效服务范围占研究区的27.40%。该研究结果可为哈尔滨松北区公园合理布局提供理论依据。

关键词 城市公园绿地;可达性;GIS

中图分类号 TU 986  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611(2021)23-0149-04

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.23.041

The Accessibility Analysis of Park Green Space Based on GIS—Taking Songbei District of Harbin City as an Example

ZHANG Nan

(Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang  150025)

Abstract Taking Songbei District of Harbin as an example, this paper used the network analysis method of ArcGIS software to quantitatively analyze the accessibility of the park in Songbei District, based on three travel modes of walking, cycling and motor vehicles.This paper divided the time cost of arriving at the park into four levels: <5 min, 5~<10 min, 10~<15 min and 15~<20 min.The order of accessibility effect under different time levels was motor vehicle, cycling mode and walking mode.The proportions of the maximum accessible area of the three travel modes were 4.9%, 18% and 41.1%, respectively, and the proportions of the maximum accessible area were all within 20 min. In Songbei District, the accessibility of walking mode was poor. Within 15 min, the effective service scope only accounts for 2.50% of the study area.Within 15 min, the effective service scope only accounts for 13.20% of the study area, and the motor vehicle accessibility was good. Within 15 minutes, the effective service scope only accounted for 27.40% of the study area. The results obtained by the spatial network analysis method were closer to the actual results than the buffer analysis method.It was more suitable for providing theoretical basis for the rationality of park green space distribution in Songbei District of Harbin.

Key words Park green space;Accessibility;GIS

作者简介 张楠(1997—),女,黑龙江七台河人,硕士研究生,研究方向:地理空间信息与数据挖掘。

收稿日期 2021-07-17

在新时代发展的潮流下,人们更加追求美好生活,城市公园是人们休闲放松的重要公共设施组成部分,具有重要的社会效益和生态效益。城市绿地公园具有美化环境、防灾减难、清新净化空气等作用。因此,城市绿地公园分布的合理性和公园的可达性对人类的生产生活具有重要意义。一般而言,可达性可理解为人们休闲放松的便捷程度,也是反映社会资源分配公平性的重要指标,而居住地与公园之间的距离是影响公园可达性主要因素,所指的距离又可分为空间距离、时间距离和经济距离[1-2]。很多学者利用GIS分析公园绿地可达性,研究结果为合理优化绿地空间结构提供了理论基础。……

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