基于模糊数学和聚类分析的香菇品种综合品质评价

刘芹 孔维丽 崔筱 宋志波 孔维威 康源春 张玉亭

摘    要：为筛选出适合河南地区种植的香菇品种，以河南省食用菌种质资源库近年选育和引进的43个香菇品种为研究对象，对其14个生物经济学指标进行统计分析，运用模糊数学和聚类分析的方法建立综合评价体系。结果表明，不同香菇品种间鲜菇总产量、外观和开伞难易差异较大，内在品质方面差异较小。结合模糊数学评判和聚类分析，43个品种可以划分为4个类群：综合品质优良的豫香1号、雨花3号、南山N12等7个品种聚为I类，综合品质较差的香分N1、夏1、朕迪ZSL-6等9个品种聚为IV类，其他综合品质中等的品种分别聚为II和III类。研究结果可为其他食用菌的品质评价提供借鉴，并为河南省香菇优良种质的创制和开发提供部分可利用的资源。

关键词：香菇;品种;综合品质;模糊数学;聚类分析

中图分类号：S646.1+2 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）11-037-10

Comprehensive quality evaluation of Lentinula edodes using fuzzy mathematics and cluster analysis

LIU Qin， KONG Weili， CUI Xiao， SONG Zhibo， KONG Weiwei， KANG Yuanchun， ZHAGN Yuting

（Institute of Plant Nutrition， Agricultural Resources and Environmental Science， Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Zhengzhou 450002， Henan， China）

Abstract： The purpose is to select the suitable Lentinula edodes varieties for planting in Henan Province. In this study， 14 bioeconomic indicators of 43 common cultivated species of Lentinula edodes were analyzed. Fuzzy mathematics and cluster analysis were used for establishing comprehensive evaluation system. The results showed that coefficients of variation of yield， external quality-related indexes and umbrella's opening difficulty indexes of fruiting body were larger， while coefficients of variation of internal quality-related indexes were lower. Combined with fuzzy mathematical evaluation and cluster analysis， the 43 species can be divided into four groups： seven species including Yuxiang 1， Yuhua 3， Nanshan N12， etc.， with superior quality were clustered into group I. Nine species including Xiangfen N1， Xia 1， Zhendi ZSL-6， etc.， with the worst quality were assigned into group IV.The other species with moderate quality were clustered into groups II and III. The results of this study can provide reference for the quality evaluation of different varieties of edible mushrooms， and also provide some available resources for the creation and development of high-quality germplasm of L. edodes in Henan province.

Key words： Lentinula edodes; Species; Comprehensive quality; Fuzzy mathematics; Cluster analysis

香菇Lentinula edodes （Berk.） Pegler，隸属于担子菌门（Basidiomycota）、蘑菇亚门（Agaricomycotina）、蘑菇纲（Agaricomycetes）、蘑菇目（Agaricales），类脐菇科（Omphalotaceae），微香菇属（Lentinula）[1]。香菇在我国具有悠久的栽培历史，风味独特、肉质鲜美、营养丰富，长期食用能够提高身体免疫力、防病健身，故有“菇中皇后”的美誉[2-4]。河南香菇年产量居全国第一，2019年河南省年产食用菌541万t，产值达397亿元，其中香菇产量312万t，占全国香菇年产量的28%[5]。卢氏、泌阳、南召、淅川、灵宝、嵩县、西峡等贫困山区是全国重要的香菇产区，种植规模约20亿棒[6]。

食用菌具有生长周期短、经济效益高的优点，河南省73.6%贫困县把食用菌产业作为脱贫攻坚的主要抓手[7]。……