苟亚妮 何志学 马宁 黎小斌 张婧 张潇丹 颉建明









摘 要:以武山青笋为试材,以当地常规施肥为对照,研究缓释肥部分替代普通化肥并配施生物有机肥对莴笋干物质积累、养分利用及土壤养分、土壤酶的影响。结果表明,与常规施肥相比,使用缓释氮肥、普通化学磷肥和钾肥并配施400 kg·667 m-2生物有机肥处理,可显著提升莴笋养分吸收利用率及土壤肥力;莴笋根、茎、叶干物质积累量分别比对照提高33.2%、11.6%、23.1%,莴笋植株氮、磷、钾素总积累量分别比对照提高59.96%、54.48%、22.23%;氮、磷、钾肥利用率分别比对照提高165.44%、581.57%、185.20%,同时,该处理可以显著提高土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、有机质以及速效养分含量,提高土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶活性。综上所述,缓释肥替代普通化肥并配施400 kg·667 m-2生物有机肥,具有提升莴笋养分吸收利用率及土壤肥力的作用。
关键词:莴笋;缓释肥;生物有机肥;养分;土壤肥力
中图分类号:S636.2 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1673-2871(2021)11-094-06
Effects of different fertilization patterns on nutrient utilization and soil fertility of asparagus lettuce
GOU Yani1, HE Zhixue1, MA Ning1, LI Xiaobin1,2, ZHANG Jing1, ZHANG Xiaodan1, XIE Jianming1
(1. Horticulture College of Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China; 2. Wushan Vegetable Research Institute, Tianshui 741300, Gansu, China)
Abstract: The effects of slow-release fertilizer on dry matter accumulation, nutrient utilization, soil nutrients and soil enzymes activity of asparagus lettuce were studied. The results showed that the application of slow release nitrogen fertilizer, common chemical phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer combined with 400 kg·667 m-2 bio-organic fertilizer could significantly improve the nutrient uptake and utilization and soil fertility of asparagus lettuce compared with conventional fertilization. The dry matter accumulation of root, stem and leaf increased by 33.2%, 11.6% and 23.1% respectively, the total accumulation of N, P and K in lettuce plants increased 59.96%, 54.48% and 22.23% compared with the control, respectively,,the utilization rate of N、P、K increased by 165.44%, 581.57% and 185.20% respectively, at the same time can significantly increase the soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, organic matter and available nutrient content, increase soil catalase, sucrase, urease and alkaline phosphatase activity.
Key words: Asparagus lettuce; Slow-release fertilizer; Biological organic fertilizer; Nutrient; The soil fertility
莴笋(Lactuca sativa var. angustana),为菊科莴苣属茎用蔬菜,也是我国种植比较普遍的短季节蔬菜,营养丰富,含有多种维生素,茎叶均可食用,主要食用茎部。近年来,设施蔬菜的种植面积不断扩大,设施土壤的环境质量又会直接影响蔬菜作物的品质与产量,而连作及长期大量肥料投入,导致设施土壤质量下降、土壤结构退化、土壤有机质含量降低、次生盐渍化等一系列问题,严重威胁设施蔬菜生产的可持续发展[1-2]。因此,科学合理施肥对于保障作物优质高产、改善设施土壤的不良特性及其土壤可持续利用具有重要意义[3]。……