酵素液肥改良设施甜瓜连作土壤质量的效应

康利允 李晓慧 高宁宁 梁慎 常高正 李海伦 王慧颖 徐小利 赵卫星

摘    要：為了解酵素液肥对设施甜瓜连作土壤质量改良及产量、糖度的效应，以清水（CK）为对照，其他处理的酵素液肥与清水的体积比分别为1∶100（T1）、1∶200（T2）、1∶400（T3）、1∶800（T4），研究了酵素液肥对设施甜瓜连作土壤质量的影响。结果表明，与CK相比，甜瓜酵素液肥可显著增强土壤脲酶、转化酶、碱性磷酸酶活性，增加土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量，提升有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量;显著提高甜瓜产量及果实中心和边部可溶性固形物含量，增幅分别为5.30%～21.5%、5.70%～13.6%、12.3%～24.9%;其中均以酵素与水体积比为1∶200（T2）的对土壤改良效果较好，产量和糖度增加作用较为明显。综上所述，添加酵素液肥会显著改善设施甜瓜连作土壤问题，提高产量与品质，酵素液肥∶水为1∶200的效果更好。

关键词：甜瓜;酵素; 设施连作;土壤改良

中图分类号：S652 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）11-063-05

Effects of enzyme liquid fertilizer on soil quality in continuous cropping of muskmelon

KANG Liyun， LI Xiaohui， GAO Ningning， LIANG Shen， CHANG Gaozheng， LI Hailun， WANG Huiying， XU Xiaoli， ZHAO Weixing

（Institute of Horticulture， Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Zhengzhou 450002， China）

Abstract： To explore the effects of enzyme liquid fertilizer on soil quality improvement， yield and sugar content of muskmelon continuous cropping in facility， and to provide theoretical references for soil improvement and rational utilization of residual plant resources of muskmelon. The melon variety Xuetong 8 was used as experimental material， and five treatments were set up. Take clear water （CK） as a control， and the other treatments of volume ratio of enzyme liquid fertilizer to water was 1∶100 （T1）， 1∶200 （T2）， 1∶400 （T3） and 1∶800 （T4）， respectively. The effects of enzyme liquid fertilizer on soil enzyme activity， nutrient content， microbial quantity， yield and sugar content of muskmelon continuous cropping in facility were studied. The results showed that muskmelon enzyme liquid fertilizer can significantly enhance the activities of soil urease， invertase， and alkaline phosphatase by 20.7%-89.8%， 20.0%-63.0%， 14.2%-42.0%， and significantly increased the number of soil bacteria， fungi and nematodes increased by 53.3% to 139.0%， 39.1% to 153.3%， and 30.9% to 140.4%， respectively， and promoted the soil organic matter， alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen， available phosphorus， and available potassium by 1.50% to 3.3%. 12.2%-26.8%， 5.68%-10.8%， and 4.74%-9.7%， significantly， and significantly increase the yield and the soluble solid content in the center and edges of muskmelon by 5.30%-21.5%， 5.70%-13.6%， 12.3%-24.9%， respectively. Among them， enzyme∶water volume ratio of 1∶200 （T2） has a better effect on soil improvement， and the increase in yield and sugar content is more obvious. In summary， the addition of enzyme liquid fertilizer will significantly increase the soil enzyme activity， microbial quantity and nutrient content of continuous muskmelon cultivation in facility， significantly increase yield and quality， and have better soil improvement effects. The research results provide a scientific basis for the popularization and application of enzyme liquid fertilizer.

Key words： Muskmelon; Enzyme liquid fertilizer; Facility continuous cropping; Soil improvement

甜瓜（Cucumis melo L.）营养丰富，香甜可口，深受人们喜爱，是我国重要的经济作物。据国家西甜瓜产业技术体系统计，我国甜瓜种植面积约53.3万hm2[1]。当前，设施栽培高投入高产出且常年单一种植的生产模式，连作障碍不可避免，导致土壤质量下降，主要表现为土壤养分过度积累、有益微生物数量和功能多样性减少、土壤酶活性降低等一系列问题[2-3]，造成作物产量和品质下降[4]，甚至绝收。有研究表明，甜瓜连作5年单瓜质量开始下降[5]，连作8年产量显著下降约16.0%，可溶性糖含量显著下降约8.60%[6]。通过土壤管理措施对甜瓜连作土壤进行改良，改善土壤微生态环境，从而提高甜瓜产量和品质，是种植业可持续发展的关键[7] 。……