典型液流电池储能技术的概述及展望

鲍文杰

摘  要：随着“碳中和、碳达峰”的提出，新能源储能技术已经越来越被重视。而液流电池技术作为储能技术之一，展现出了其在储能领域非常有竞争力的发展前景。针对液流电池储能的技术特点，该文首先介绍了储能技术的重要性及其特性，重点介绍了液流电池储能技术的工作原理及其关键零部件的作用和技术要求，并着重针对几种比较有竞争力和市场前景的典型液流电池进行了详细介绍，分析了每种液流电池技术的优劣势。最后提出了液流电池储能技术的进一步发展方向，以期为已经或者未来想要进入到液流电池储能技术领域的学者和从业者提供重要参考。

关键词：碳中和  储能  液流电池  大规模  优劣势

中图分类号：TM910   文献标识码：A

Abstract： With the proposal of "carbon neutralization and carbon peak"， new energy storage technology has been paid more and more attention. As one of the energy storage technologies，  flow battery technology shows a very competitive development prospect in the field of energy storage. According to the characteristics of the flow battery energy storage technology， this paper first introduces the importance of energy storage technology and its features， mainly introduces the working principle of flow battery energy storage technology and its function and technical requirements of key parts， and emphatically aiming at several competitive and market prospect of typical flow battery are introduced in detail， analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of each flow battery technology. Finally， the further development direction of flow battery energy storage technology is put forward， in order to provide an important reference for scholars and practitioners who have or want to enter the field of flow battery energy storage technology in the future.

Key Words： Carbon neutralization; Energy storage; Flow battery; Large scale; Advantages and disadvantages

国家发展改革委、能源局在2021年7月15日印发了《国家发展改革委 国家能源局关于加快推动新型储能发展的指导意见》，这份指导意见作为“十四五”期间的首份储能产业综合性政策文件，分别从市场化发展、市场环境、技术进步政策监管等方面做出了指导，这对于新能源储能行业来说是一个重大利好[1]。同时，全国两会在政府工作报告中明确提出了实现新型储能全面市场化发展需要做好“碳中和”和“碳达峰”的各项工作，建立具有低碳性、高效性、安全性和经济性的新能源结构体系[2]。在可再生新能源中，目前应用最广泛的为太阳能和风能，但是由于太阳能和风能的发电特点表现为不连续、不稳定、不完全可控且并网难，所以在大规模并入电网的同时也产生了大量的太阳能和风能被迫弃掉[3]。……