三维电磁带隙结构天线基板3D打印制造及性能研究

马洪伟 陈世斌

摘  要：为了提升天线的增益和方向性，该文研究了EBG（电磁带隙结构）基板及其宏观结构变化对偶极子天线的性能的影响。采用光固化3D打印技术与凝胶注模工艺相结合，制备不同宏观结构的EBG基板并测试其对偶极子天线性能的影响，实验结果表明，相比于无凹槽的EBG基板，有凹槽的EBG基板性能更优;当凹槽被3个周期包围时，效果最好，天线的增益提高了1 dB。研究表明EBG基板宏观结构变化能够提高天线的增益和改善方向性，为工程应用提高了借鉴。

关键词 ：电磁带隙结构  天线基板  3D打印  宏观结构  增益

中图分类号：TP391.73 文献标识码：A

Abstract： In order to improve the gain and directivity of the antenna， the effects of the EBG substrate and its macro-structure changes on the performance of the dipole antenna has been studied in this paper. The UV curing 3D printing technology and gel casting process were combined to prepare EBG substrates with different macroscopical structure and their effects on dipole antenna performance were tested. The experimental results showed that the performance of substrates with grooves was better than that without grooves. When the groove was surrounded by three cycles， the effect was the best，the antenna’s gain has been increased by 1 dB. The research demonstrated that the macro-structure change of an EBG substrate could improve the gain and directivity of an antenna， which provided reference for engineering application.

Key Words： EBG; Antenna substrate; 3D printing; Macro-structure; Gain

天线是辐射和接收无线电波信号的装置，在民用和军事领域中有着广泛的应用。但是，普通的平板天线由于基板透射性等原因，会出现能量损失、表面波效应和信号干扰等缺点，因此改善基板性能，对提升天线的效能有着重要的意义。

光子晶体是由不同介电常数的介质材料通过周期性排列而成的人工微晶体[1-2]，具有光子禁带等特性[3]，当其禁带区间落在微波段时，将之称为电磁带隙结构（EBG），频率处于禁带范围内的电磁波无法在其中传播[4]。应用电磁带隙结构做天线的基板，将天线的辐射或接收頻率设计在禁带区间内，可以有效地消除表面波效应，抑制基底能量损耗，提高天线的增益和发射效率[5]。近年来，众多学者对光子晶体带隙材料在天线中的应用进行了深入研究。王灵敏将微带天线加载到EBG上，使得微带天线增益增加了1.56 dB，背瓣辐射最大可以降低10 dB，改善了天线方向性，增强了微带天线的整体性能[6]。……