3D打印在机械原理课程创新中的应用

徐文　周丽红　刘钰如

摘 要：3D打印技术在高效工科教学教研活动的应用方兴未艾，3D打印技术具有环保高效、加工灵活、适于设计等特点，将其引入到机械原理课程教学中十分便利。研究了3D打印机械原理课程教具、3D打印用于知识点的巩固、3D打印用于课程设计和用于机械创新设计比赛等实践方法，总结了3D打印应用于机械原理课程需要主要的几个问题。改进了教学方法，改进了机械原理课程的考核评价体系，考核方式更加突出学生应用理论知识解决实际设计问题的能力。

关键词：机械原理 3D打印 教学创新

The Application of 3D Printing in the Innovation of Mechanical Principle Course

Xu Wen Zhou Lihong Liu Yuru

Abstract：The application of 3D printing technology in high-efficiency engineering teaching and research activities is in the ascendant. 3D printing technology has the characteristics of environmental protection， high efficiency， flexible processing， and suitable for design. It is very convenient to introduce 3D into the teaching of mechanical principles. The article researched the practical methods of 3D printing mechanical principle course teaching aids， which is used to consolidate knowledge points. 3D printing is also used in course design and mechanical innovation design competitions. The article summarized the main problems of 3D printing applied to mechanical principle courses. The teaching method has been improved， and the evaluation system of the mechanical principle course has been improved. The evaluation method has highlighted the ability of students to apply theoretical knowledge to solve practical design problems.

Key words：mechanical principle， 3D printing， teaching innovation

1 引言

機械原理课程作为传统的机械类核心专业课，主要讲授机械结构的运动特征和动力学特征，理论性强，涉及力学部分抽象，学生不便于理解，使用3D打印技术制作相关教具能有效辅助理论教学。新工科教育强调学生知识和能力的共进发展，将3D打印技术引入教学，在经费允许的情况下，能够最大程度地调动学生动手的积极性，鼓励学生课后组成兴趣小组，进而参加各类机械创新大赛，这对于传统理论教学是一种有利的补充和创新。3D打印所需设备相对简易，可有效解决传统机加工制造机械装置实物耗时长、费用高等问题[1]，适合机械原理课程的实践教学。本文主要研究了3D打印在机械原理课程教学中的具体应用和创新实践。

2 3D打印技术在教学中的应用现状

3D打印技术已在高校的课程创新实践中有所应用。翟彦飞根据教学实践着重分析了3D打印在机械专业课教学创新中应用的优势[2]。……