六点始叶螨在7个橡胶树无性系上的生物学特性和药效试验

苏雪芳　孙晶　位明明　李维国　黄肖

摘  要：六點始叶螨（）作为橡胶树的重要害螨，对橡胶树的生长发育产生巨大危害，严重从而影响橡胶树产量。为进一步明确六点始叶螨在不同橡胶树无性系上的发育和繁殖情况，以及不同螨态对杀螨剂的敏感程度。本研究以‘热研87-6-62’‘热研87-6-47’‘热研93-59’‘热研87-4-19’‘热研89-4-51’‘PR107’‘RRIM600’7个橡胶树无性系稳定期叶片作为六点始叶螨的寄主，分析了各螨态的形态特征、发育历期以及繁殖能力。同时，采用浸叶蝶法、叶片残毒法、玻璃浸渍法测定了4种杀虫剂对六点始叶螨各螨态的活性。结果显示，在（28±1）℃、RH（75±5）%、光照[16（L）∶8（D）]条件下，六点始叶螨在以上7个橡胶树无性系上各螨态发育时间从长到短为：成螨期>后若螨→成螨>前若螨→后若螨>卵→前若螨，六点始叶螨各螨态在‘RRIM600’无性系上的发育历期最短，在‘热研87-6-62’和‘热研87-6-47’无性系上的发育历期相对较长;六点始叶螨在7个橡胶树无性系上的单雌产卵量由多到少依次为：‘PR107’>‘RRIM600’>‘热研89-4-19’>‘热研93-59’>‘热研89-4-51’>‘热研87-6-47’>‘热研87-6-62’，其中‘PR107’上单雌产卵量最多，平均单雌产卵量为12.17个，‘热研87-6-62’单雌产卵量最少，平均单雌产卵量为7.33个。筛选不同化学药剂对六点始叶螨进行防效试验，结果表明4种药剂在药后15 d的校正死亡率均在80%以上，其中15%哒螨灵乳油和1.8%阿维菌素·高效氯氰菊酯乳油的速效性较好，在施药3 d后死亡率可达80%以上。

关键词：橡胶树无性系;六点始叶螨;生物学特性;药效试验中图分类号：S763.7      文献标识码：A

Biological Characteristics and Pharmacological Experiments of on Seven Rubber Tree Clones

SU XuefangSUN JingWEI MingmingLI WeiguoHUANG Xiao

1. School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture， Xinjiang Agricultural University， Urumqi， Xinjiang 830052， China; 2. Rubber Research Institute， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / National Rubber Tree Breeding Center / Key Laboratory of Rubber Tree Biology and Genetic Resources Utilization， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Haikou， Hainan 571101， China

As important pest mites of rubber trees， causes great harm to the growth and development of rubber trees and affects rubber production. To further clarify the development and reproduction of on different rubber tree clones， and the sensitivity of different mite states to acaricides. In this study， the leaves of seven new clones of rubber trees were used as the hosts of ， and the morphological character­istics， developmental duration， and reproductive ability of each mite state were analyzed. At the same time， the activity of the four insecticides against the mites of was determined by the method of soaking leaf butterfly， the method of leaf residual toxicity， and the method of glass dipping. The results showed that under the conditions of （28±1）℃， RH （75±5）%， and light [16（L）∶8（D）]， the development time of on each of the above 7 rub­ber tree clones. From long to short： adult mite stage > later nymph → adult mites> front nymph → later nymphs> egg → front nymphs. The developmental period of each mite state of on the RRIM strain was the shortest. The development period of ‘Reyan 87-6-62’ and ‘Reyan 87-6-47’ clones was relatively long， and the number of single fe­male eggs laid by on the 7 rubber tree clones was as follows： ‘PR107’>‘RRIM600’>‘Reyan 89-4-19’>‘Reyan 93-59’>‘Reyan 89-4-51’>‘Reyan 87-6-47’>‘Reyan 87-6-62’. ‘PR107’ had the most single female yield， and the average number of eggs laid by females was 12.17. In ‘Reyan 87-6-62’， the number of eggs laid by a sin­gle female was the least， and the average number of eggs laid by a single female was 7.33. Different chemical agents were screened for the control of E. sexmaculatus. The results showed that the control effects of the four agents were all above 80% at 15 days after the treatment， among which 15% pyridaben EC and 1.8% abamectin·cypermethrin EC had good quick-acting effect， and the control effect can reach more than 80% after 3 days of application.

rubber tree clones; ; biological characteristics; efficacy tes

10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2022.06.014

六点始叶螨（）属蛛形纲、蜱螨亚纲、真螨目、前气门亚目、叶螨总科、叶螨科、始叶螨属，是危害橡胶树的重要害螨。……