拳意的呈现：评价中国武术习练水平的核心要素

王岗 李建威 王柏利

摘 要： 中國武术从传统到现代，对于习练者水平的评价可谓众说纷纭，从传统武术的“用意不用力”到现代竞技武术的“量化”追求，都是在对评价标准找出合理的解释。然而，从武术评价的发展变化来看，表现中国武术“意”文化特质的拳意，是影响中国武术个性发展和评价习练水平的核心要素。从中国武术“意”文化特质入手，挖掘拳意形成的心理阶序过程和表达方式，找出拳意在评价中国武术习练水平中所呈现的核心要素，从而对武术习练水平的评价提供一种早已具备但未见理论的研究视角。研究指出：中国武术的“意”文化特质，是由技术之意、哲理之意、艺术之意构成，其在评价体系中分别以“拳种”和“拳意”的语系形式为表达。拳意的呈现是习练者与经验世界沟通的重要方式，在技术核心表达上，拳意呈现为知觉性，表达出一招制胜、点到为止的底层逻辑；在理论核心范畴里，拳意呈现为主动性，表达出动静结合、内外兼修的哲学素养；在文化核心阐释方面，拳意呈现为指向性，表达出含蓄化、陌生化的艺术形式。由此，拳意在外显与深层结构上达成的共识，共同造就了中国武术独特的文化审美和评价方式。

关键词： 意；拳意；中国武术；习练水平

中图分类号：G852   文献标识码：A  文章编号：1006-2076（2023）02-0029-08

Presenting the Meaning of Boxing： Core Elements of Evaluating the Level of Chinese Wushu Practice

WANG Gang  1， LI Jianwei 2， WANG Baili 3

1.Wushu School， Wuhan Sport University， Wuhan 430079，Hubei， China; 2. Dept. of P.E.， North China University of Water Resources and Hydropower， Zhengzhou 450046，Henan， China; 3. Henan Polytechnic University， Jiaozuo 454000， Henan， China

Abstract： From traditional to modern Chinese martial arts， there are different opinions on the evaluation of the practitioner's level. From the “use of notion rather than strength” of traditional martial arts to the pursuit of "quantification" of modern competitive martial arts， it is to find a reasonable explanation for the evaluation standard. However， from the perspective of the development and change of Wushu evaluation， Quanyi （i.e.， Meanning of Boxing）， which shows the cultural characteristics of "Yi" of Chinese Wushu， is the core element that affects the personality development of Chinese Wushu and the evaluation and practice level. Therefore， starting from the cultural characteristics of "meaning" in Chinese martial arts， this paper explores the psychological order process and expression ways of the formation of boxing meaning， so as to evaluate the core elements of Chinese martial arts practice level. Thus， the evaluation of martial arts practice level provides a kind of research perspective which has   long been available， but has not become the theory. The research points out that the cultural characteristics of   "meaning" of Chinese martial arts are composed of technical meaning， philosophical meaning and artistic meaning， which are expressed in the form of "boxing" and "boxing meaning" respectively in the evaluation system. Finally， it is concluded that the presentation of fist is an important way for practitioners to communicate with the world of experience. In terms of technical core expression， fist is presented as perception， expressing the underlying logic of winning a move and reaching the point. In the core category of theory， the fist shows initiative， expressing the philosophical quality of combination of dynamic and static， internal and external cultivation; In terms of the interpretation of the cultural core， fist meaning presents directionality， expressing an implicit and defamiliarization art form. Therefore， the consensus reached in the explicit and deep structure of boxing has jointly created the unique cultural aesthetic and evaluation way of Chinese Wushu.

Key words： meaning; boxing meaning; Chinese Wushu; practice level

评价的含义是对评价对象主体进行本质属性的提取，将其转变成具有主观或客观的价值尺度，进行度量评价对象的行为过程 ［1］。中国武术的发展，在经历习练内容、规则制度、训练方法等方面变革的同时也在经历着评价标准的变迁。……