数字普惠金融、新型城镇化与城乡收入差距

俞慧洁 孙林 孙启伟 郑金辉

摘 要：   基于中国地级及以上285个城市的面板数据，采用熵权-TOPSIS法测度了新型城镇化水平，并使用空间杜宾模型探究数字普惠金融与新型城镇化对城乡收入差距的空间溢出效应。研究表明：数字普惠金融与新型城镇化对城乡收入差距的影响呈现出“U”型的非线性特征，且样本期间，中国大多数城市并未跨过U型曲线的拐点，即两者对城乡收入差距仍具备有效的缩减作用；在区域异质性分析中，数字普惠金融与新型城镇化对中西部地区城乡收入差距的抑制作用显著，这与大多数城市尚未跨过拐点一致，同时伴随着新型城镇化水平的提升，数字普惠金融抑制城乡收入差距具有边际效用递减的趋势。

关键词：  新型城镇化；数字普惠金融；城乡收入差距；空间杜宾模型

中图分类号：  F 49; F 832

文献标志码：   A

Digital Inclusive Finance， New Urbanization andthe Urban-Rural Income Gap

YU Huijie SUN Lin SUN Qiwei ZHENG Jinhui

（School of Economics， Zhejiang University of Technology， Hangzhou 310023， China）

Abstract：  Based on the panel data of 285 cities at prefecture-level and above in China， the entropy weight TOPSIS method is used to measure the level of new urbanization， and the spatial Dubin model is used to explore the spatial spillover effect of digital financial inclusion and new urbanization on the urban-rural income gap. The results show that the impact of digital financial inclusion and new urbanization on the urban-rural income gap presents a U-shaped nonlinear characteristic， and during the sample period， most cities in China have not crossed the inflection point of the U-shaped curve， that is， they still have an effective role in reducing the urban-rural income gap. In the analysis of regional heterogeneity， digital financial inclusion and new urbanization have a significant impact on the suppression of urban-rural income gap in the central and western regions， which is consistent with the fact that most cities have not crossed the inflection point. At the same time， with the improvement of the level of new urbanization， digital financial inclusion has a trend of decreasing marginal utility in suppressing urban-rural income gap.

Key words：  new urbanization; digital financial inclusion; urban-rural income gap; space Dubin model

改革开放以来，中国经济实现了高速发展，城乡居民收入水平得到了极大的提升，然而在经济繁荣的背后，城镇化与传统金融不协调、城乡资源分配不均衡等问题凸显，造成了中国城乡差距不断拉大，尤其表现在城乡收入差距的失衡。从长期来看，导致中国城乡收入差距扩大的重要原因是城乡“二元结构”中劳动力水平的差异，主要体现在现代服务水平、创新创业水平等多个领域。与传统城镇化相比，新型城镇化重点强调以人为核心的产业化和城镇化融合发展的理念，突出实体经济在城镇化发展进程中所起的作用。……