台风“杜苏芮”引发福建极端强降水的特征分析

崔梦雪，向纯怡，张晗昀，许映龙，苏志重

摘要：台风“杜苏芮”是1949年至2023年9月登陆福建第2强台风，引发福建极端强降水。利用双偏振雷达、FY-4A等多源观测资料分析了福建强降水发展的主要特征，指出2个明显的降水阶段分别由台风眼壁与内螺旋雨带、台风外螺旋雨带造成。“杜苏芮”登陆后眼壁附近中β尺度对流云团发展，云团低层以大雨滴为主，对流云团分裂进入内螺旋雨带中发展为线状对流，数密度更高的较大雨滴产生极端小时雨强。而台风移出福建后外螺旋雨带后部对流组织化，形成带状中尺度对流系统通过“列车效应”持续影响福建沿海产生极端强降水，高浓度小雨滴是主要的云微物理特征。降水与鹫峰山、戴云山地形密切相关，向东开口的喇叭口地区利于形成强降水中心。

关键词：台风；杜苏芮；强降水；中尺度对流系统

中图分类号：P458.1      文献标志码：A      文章编号：2096-3599（2023）04-0001-00

DOI：10.19513/j.cnki.issn2096-3599.2023.04.002

Characteristics of extreme precipitation in Fujian Province induced by typhoon Doksuri

CUI Mengxue1，2，XIANG Chunyi3，ZHANG Hanyun1，XU Yinglong3，SU Zhizhong1，2

（1.Xiamen Key Laboratory of Strait Meteorology， Xiamen 361012， China; 2.Xiamen Meteorological Observatory， Xiamen 361012， China; 3.National Meteorological Center， Beijing 100081， China）

Abstract： Typhoon Doksuri （2305） is the second strongest typhoon to land in Fujian Province from 1949 to September 2023， causing extreme heavy precipitation in Fujian Province. In this paper， the main characteristics of the extreme precipitation in Fujian Province were analyzed， using multi-source data such as dual polarization radar and FY-4A satellite data. It is found that two obvious precipitation stages were caused by typhoons eyewall， inner spiral rain band， and outer spiral rain band respectively. Meso β-scale convective cloud in typhoon Doksuris eye wall is mainly characterized by large raindrops after landing. The convective cloud splits into the inner spiral rain band and organized into a linear convective system， with large raindrops and higher density causing extreme rainfall intensity. After typhoon Doksuri moves out of Fujian Province， the mesoscale convective system along the outer spiral rain band continuously affect the coastal areas of Fujian Province through the train effect and causing extreme precipitation. High density of small raindrops are the main cloud microphysical characteristics. The precipitation spatial distribution is closely related to topography such as Jiufeng Mountain and Daiyun Mountain. The trumpet shaped topography of the sea-land interface contributed to forming the extreme precipitation center.

Key words： typhoon; Doksuri; extreme precipitation; mesoscale convective system

引言

臺风是影响我国最主要的气象灾害之一[1]，产生的灾害主要包括大风、暴雨和风暴潮[2]，台风暴雨常引发城市内涝、山体滑坡、泥石流等次生灾害，研究表明登陆我国的台风降水可造成比大风更大的经济损失[3]，深入开展台风暴雨研究具有重要的现实意义。关于台风暴雨，国内外专家学者开展了大量研究[4-9]，根据台风暴雨形成机制和降水特征，将登陆台风暴雨分为台风核心区降雨、台风螺旋雨带降雨、台前飑线雨和台风远距离暴雨[10-11]。陈联寿等[12-13]将台风环流内的暴雨概括为5个落区：眼壁暴雨、螺旋雨带暴雨、小涡暴雨、倒槽暴雨、切变暴雨，将台风环流之外的暴雨分为台前飑线暴雨、远距离暴雨和变性下游效应暴雨，并指出地形对台风暴雨的强度和落区具有重要影响。……