2023年夏季海洋天气评述

聂高臻，王慧

摘要： 2023年夏季（6—8月）大氣环流特征为：北半球极涡呈现偶极型分布，极涡强度较常年偏弱，欧亚地区及西北太平洋500 hPa槽脊位置与常年相近，副热带高压较常年平均偏西且略偏南，强度偏强，范围偏大。6 月，我国东部和北部近海海域出现3次海雾过程，7月和8月无大范围海雾过程。2023年夏季西北太平洋和南海生成台风10个，个数较常年同期偏少，平均极值强度显著偏强。6月生成1个远海转向台风；7月生成3个台风，其中2个台风登陆我国；8月台风活动频繁，生成台风6个，其中有两个在9月登陆我国。2023年夏季全球其他海域有20个编号热带气旋生成。2023年夏季我国近海出现了6次8级以上大风过程，其中热带气旋影响5次，江淮气旋入海影响1次。浪高超过2.0 m 的大浪过程发生12次。2023年夏季西北太平洋和南海海面温度较常年平均偏高，台风活动对海浪和海面温度分布影响显著。

关键词：大气环流；大风；海雾；台风；海面温度

中图分类号：P732.2   文献标志码：A  文章编号：2096-3599（2023）04-0001-00

DOI：10.19513/j.cnki.issn2096-3599.2023.04.012

Summer 2023 marine weather review

NIE Gaozhen， WANG Hui

（National Meteorological Center， Beijing 100081， China）

Abstract： In the summer （from June to August） of 2023， the atmospheric circulation features are as follows. In the Northern Hemisphere， the polar vortex exhibits a bipolar distribution with weakened intensity compared to the annual average. The synoptic mid-latitude circulation at 500 hPa in the Eurasian region and western North Pacific is similar to the annual average. The subtropical high is located further west and slightly south of its annual average position with greater intensity and a larger coverage area. In June， the coastal areas in the eastern and northern parts of China experience three processes of sea fog， while there is no extensive sea fog events observed in July and August. Throughout the summer， 10 typhoons are generated over western North Pacific and the South China Sea， which is fewer than the annual average， with significantly stronger average maximum intensity. More specifically， in June， one turning typhoon is generated offshore; in July， three typhoon forms， among which two typhoons make landfall in China; in August， typhoon activity is frequent， 6 typhoons forms and two out of them make landfall in China in September. Additionally， there are 20 named tropical cyclones in other sea areas. During the summer， China's coastal regions experience 6 episodes of severe winds exceeding Beaufort wind force scale 8， and 5 of them attribute to tropical cyclones and one to the Jianghuai cyclone entering the sea. There are 12 occurrences of waves higher than 2.0 m. In the summer， the sea surface temperature in western North Pacific and the South China Sea is generally higher than the annual average. Typhoon activities significantly influence the distribution pattern of wave height and sea surface temperature.

Keywords： atmospheric circulation; gale; sea fog; typhoon; sea surface temperature

引言

通过对2023年夏季（6—8月，下同）北半球大气环流特征进行总结，分析描述了我国近海海域大气环流的特点和逐月演变过程，概括总结了夏季主要的热带气旋、海上大风、海雾、海浪和海面温度等海洋天气现象和过程。其中重点分析了2023年夏季在西北太平洋和南海生成的热带气旋对我国的影响。此外，还对全球其他海域的热带气旋活动进行了统计分析。本文使用了多种来源数据，包括常规地面气象观测数据、葵花……