缓释肥与尿素配施对小麦产量和品质的影响

Effects of combined application of slow-release fertilizer and urea on yield and quality of wheat

DING Yonggang1，²2， QIAO Yuqiang¹，LIU Ming²，JIA Beibei²， CAO Chengfu'，CHEN Huan¹，WANG Guanjun²， DU Shizhou1

（1.CropRese，ef；Yingshang 236200，China）

Abstract：Toclarifytheefects ofcombinedapplicationof slow-release fertilizerandureaon wheatyield，nitrogen useeffciency，andflourquality，aswellastheir nitrogenreductionpotential，thisstudyestablishedseven treatments，in

收稿日期：2024-04-12

基金项目：安徽省农业科学院青年英才计划项目（QNYC-201908、QNYC-202217）；国家自然科学基金项目（32301447）；国家重点研究计划项目（2023YFD1900204）；安徽省农业科学院农业科技创新人才体系建设项目（XXBS-202302）；安徽省稻茬小麦绿色高产协作攻关组项目；国家社会科学基金项目（23BJY150）

作者简介：丁永刚（1993-），男，安徽人，博士，助理研究员，主要从事小麦产量、品质形成理论及其应用研究。（E-mail）dygwheat@163.com

通讯作者：杜世州，（E-mail）dsz315@ sina.com cludinga nitrogen-free control（CKO），a conventional nitrogen application control（CK）with anitrogen application rate of 240kg/hm²（60% as compound fertilizer basal dressing +40% as urea topdressing at jointing stage），and fivetreatments（M1，M2，M3，M4andM5） withslow-release fertilizerappliedasa singlebasal dressingorin combination with urea.And the differences in wheat yield and its components，nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency，grain quality，and dough rheological properties among different treatments were analyzed. The results showed that compared with CK，the grainyield ofM2 and

M4 increased by 687kg/hm² and 681kg/hm² ，respectively，and the nitrogen accumulation before anthesis increased by 16.30% and 25.93% ，respectively，under the premise of nitrogen reduction of 12.5% . The nitrogen fertilizer apparent utilizationrateandnitrogen fertilizerabsorptioneficiencyof theM4treatmentweresignificantlyhigherthanthoseoftheother treatments.Compared with CK，thecontents of prolamin，glutenin，totalstarch，amylose，andamylopectininthegrains were significantly increased.The dough formation time，extensionarea，extensionresistance，and maximum extensionresistance of M4 treatment were also significantly higher than those of the other treatments.Although the nitrogen application rate ofM5 treatment washigher than that of M4 treatment，the increase of wheat yield and grain total protein content was notsignificantcomparedwiththatofM4treatment，andtheapparentutilizationrateof nitrogen fertilizer，nitrogenabsorption effciency and dough tensile properties were significantlylower than thoseof M4treatment.In summary，anitrogen application rate of 210kg/hm² ，with 60% applied as slow-release fertilizer（basal dressing） and 40% as urea top-dressing at the jointing stage，canachievesynergistic improvementof wheat yield，nitrogenuseeficiency，grainqualityand dough rheological properties.

Key words：slow-release fertilizer；urea；wheat；nitrogen use eficiency；yield；quality

2014年以来中国小麦总产平均以每年 1.05×10⁶ t的速度增长，其增量约占全国粮食增量的 20% ，是保证中国粮食供给的重要组成部分[]。氮作为小麦营养生长和生殖生长必需的大量元素，适量增施氮肥可显著增强植株光合作用，增加小麦产量[2]，但过量施氮不仅小麦增产效果有限，而且会增加倒伏、病虫害、资源竞争等风险，减产压力增大[3-4]。前人通过氮高效利用、多次施肥、水肥协调、氮肥后移等策略已在高产稳产基础上减少了氮肥投入[46]。缓/控释肥能够减缓养分释放速率，延长养分供给时间，满足作物各阶段营养需求，减少因淋溶、下渗等引起的养分损失，降低环境污染和生产成本[7]

合理施用缓/控释肥可优化土壤微生物群落结构，增加土壤中氮的有效性和有机质含量，提高氮肥利用率，促进根系构型合理化和养分吸收高效化，最终实现作物高产和高效[8-9]；较长的氮肥释放时间有利于花后氮素积累，提高氮素对籽粒的贡献率，增加籽粒中蛋白质含量[1]。由于缓/控释肥的肥效释放速率受材料、温度、水分等因素……